EC-Council Certified Encryption
Specialist (ECES) Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
What is cryptography? - ✔✔Noun -
A) The process or skill of communicating in or deciphering secret writings or ciphers
B) Secret writing
Origin -
Cryptography (or cryptology); derived from word kryptos which means "hidden", and
grafo, which means "write", is the study of message secrecy
Definition-
Cryptography is the science of altering communication so that it cannot be understood
without having the key
Interloper - ✔✔a person who becomes involved in a place or situation where they are
not wanted or are considered not to belong.
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,History of cryptography - ✔✔A) Hidden or secret writing is very old: People have been
practicing hidden writing for at least 3,000 years.
B) Until the latter part of the 20th century, cryptography was almost exclusively used by
military and government
Mono-Alphabetic Substitution - ✔✔A) Most primitive cryptographic algorithms
B) Substitute one character of cipher text for each character of plain text
C) Caesar Cipher, Atbash Cipher, Affine Cipher, Rot13 Cipher
Caesar Cipher - ✔✔A) First used by Julius Caesar
B) Every letter is shifted a fixed number of spaces to the left or the right in the alphabet
C) The shifting is the "key" for this algorithm
D) The shift is often called the "alphabet" being used.
Example "I Like Computers" shift 1 to left becomes "H Khjd Bnlotsdqr"
**Most common single-letter word is "A" and most common three-letter word is "the".
Most common two-letter combinations are "EE" and "OO"**
E) 128-bit number from AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)
Atbash Cipher - ✔✔A) Hebrew Code that reverses alphabet. Example "A" becomes "Z",
"B" becomes "Y"... "A cat sleeps" becomes "Z "xzg hovvkh"
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,B) Used by Hebrew scribes copying the book of Jeremiah
C) Simple cipher not used in modern times
Affine Cipher - ✔✔any single-substitution alphabet cipher (also called mono-alphabet
substitution) in which each letter in the alphabet is mapped to some numeric value,
permuted with some relatively simple mathematical function, and then converted back
to a letter
Example**in Caesar cipher, each letter is converted to a number, shifted by a certain
amount, and converted back to a letter**
Basic formula for affine cipher is "ax + b (modM)
M= size of alphabet = 26
x= plain text letter's numeric equivalent
b= shift
a= some multiple, in Caesar cipher = 1
Caesar cipher (using affine cipher)
1x + shift (mod26)
Rot13 Cipher - ✔✔similar to Caesar cipher, but all letters are rotated 13 spots
Example "A CAT" becomes "N PNG"
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, Scytale - ✔✔A) Cylinder tool used by the Greeks and often specifically attributed to the
Spartans
B) Used to encrypt messages
C) Turning the cylinder produced different cipher texts
D) First used in 7th century BC by Greek poet Archilochus
E) Writer of message wraps parchment around a rod
F) Recipient uses a rod of the same diameter as one used to create message
G) Requires both parties to have same size rod, and same leather "key"
Single Substitution Weaknesses - ✔✔A) Easy to break
B) Easily susceptible to brute force attacks, even by low end computers
Multi-Alphabet Substitution - ✔✔A) Also called "Poly-Alphabet Substitution"
B) Use of more than 1 alphabet in a cipher. (to make ciphers like Caesar and Atbash
more secure)
Example: With +1 -1 +2 since you add 1 to the first letter, subtract 1 from the second
letter, add 2 to the third letter, resets on the fourth letter... "A CAT" becomes "B BCA"
C) Examples of "Poly-Alphabet Substitution" ciphers are: Cipher Disk, Vigenere, and
Enigma Machine
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Specialist (ECES) Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
What is cryptography? - ✔✔Noun -
A) The process or skill of communicating in or deciphering secret writings or ciphers
B) Secret writing
Origin -
Cryptography (or cryptology); derived from word kryptos which means "hidden", and
grafo, which means "write", is the study of message secrecy
Definition-
Cryptography is the science of altering communication so that it cannot be understood
without having the key
Interloper - ✔✔a person who becomes involved in a place or situation where they are
not wanted or are considered not to belong.
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,History of cryptography - ✔✔A) Hidden or secret writing is very old: People have been
practicing hidden writing for at least 3,000 years.
B) Until the latter part of the 20th century, cryptography was almost exclusively used by
military and government
Mono-Alphabetic Substitution - ✔✔A) Most primitive cryptographic algorithms
B) Substitute one character of cipher text for each character of plain text
C) Caesar Cipher, Atbash Cipher, Affine Cipher, Rot13 Cipher
Caesar Cipher - ✔✔A) First used by Julius Caesar
B) Every letter is shifted a fixed number of spaces to the left or the right in the alphabet
C) The shifting is the "key" for this algorithm
D) The shift is often called the "alphabet" being used.
Example "I Like Computers" shift 1 to left becomes "H Khjd Bnlotsdqr"
**Most common single-letter word is "A" and most common three-letter word is "the".
Most common two-letter combinations are "EE" and "OO"**
E) 128-bit number from AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)
Atbash Cipher - ✔✔A) Hebrew Code that reverses alphabet. Example "A" becomes "Z",
"B" becomes "Y"... "A cat sleeps" becomes "Z "xzg hovvkh"
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,B) Used by Hebrew scribes copying the book of Jeremiah
C) Simple cipher not used in modern times
Affine Cipher - ✔✔any single-substitution alphabet cipher (also called mono-alphabet
substitution) in which each letter in the alphabet is mapped to some numeric value,
permuted with some relatively simple mathematical function, and then converted back
to a letter
Example**in Caesar cipher, each letter is converted to a number, shifted by a certain
amount, and converted back to a letter**
Basic formula for affine cipher is "ax + b (modM)
M= size of alphabet = 26
x= plain text letter's numeric equivalent
b= shift
a= some multiple, in Caesar cipher = 1
Caesar cipher (using affine cipher)
1x + shift (mod26)
Rot13 Cipher - ✔✔similar to Caesar cipher, but all letters are rotated 13 spots
Example "A CAT" becomes "N PNG"
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, Scytale - ✔✔A) Cylinder tool used by the Greeks and often specifically attributed to the
Spartans
B) Used to encrypt messages
C) Turning the cylinder produced different cipher texts
D) First used in 7th century BC by Greek poet Archilochus
E) Writer of message wraps parchment around a rod
F) Recipient uses a rod of the same diameter as one used to create message
G) Requires both parties to have same size rod, and same leather "key"
Single Substitution Weaknesses - ✔✔A) Easy to break
B) Easily susceptible to brute force attacks, even by low end computers
Multi-Alphabet Substitution - ✔✔A) Also called "Poly-Alphabet Substitution"
B) Use of more than 1 alphabet in a cipher. (to make ciphers like Caesar and Atbash
more secure)
Example: With +1 -1 +2 since you add 1 to the first letter, subtract 1 from the second
letter, add 2 to the third letter, resets on the fourth letter... "A CAT" becomes "B BCA"
C) Examples of "Poly-Alphabet Substitution" ciphers are: Cipher Disk, Vigenere, and
Enigma Machine
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