f
Test bank for psychology around us 4th canadian edition nancy ogde
f f f f f f f f f f
CHAPTER 1 f f
f
PSYCHOLOGY: YESTERDAY AND TODAY f f f f
f
CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES f f f
f
f
1. Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
• f
Psychology is the study of mental processes and behaviour. f f f f f f f f f
• f
The goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict, and control behaviour and mental
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
processes. Psychologists vary in the degree to which they focus on some of these goals
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
more than others. f f f
• f
The study of psychology must occur at multiple levels, including the level of the brain (the
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
biological activity associated with mental processes and behaviour), the level of the person
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
(the content of mental processes), and the level of the group (social influences on
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
behaviour). f
f
f
2. Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
• f
Early explanations of human behaviour were rooted in superstition and magic.
f f f f f f f f f f f
• f
Later, philosophers, beginning with the ancient Greeks, tried to develop more objective
f f f f f f f f f f f f
theories of human consciousness and reality.
f f f f f f
• f
The work of such early philosophers as Hippocrates, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
f f f f f f f f f f f f
contributed to the later formation of psychology as a natural science. f f f f f f f f f f f
f
f
3. Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research
f f f f f f f f f f f f
methods. f
• f
The development of psychology has been strongly influenced by shifts in the social
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
environment and development of new technology. f f f f f f
• f
The first psychology laboratory was founded in Leipzig, Germany, by physiologist Wilhelm
f f f f f f f f f f f f
Wundt. Wundt was interested in human consciousness and will, which he studied through
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
small, structured activities that could be easily watched and replicated.
f f f f f f f f f f
• f
Structuralism, a school of thought developed by one of Wundt’s students, relied upon the f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
use of introspection, the careful observation of human perception. The goal of the
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
,structuralists was to find the smallest building blocks of consciousness. f f f f f f f f f f
• f
William James established the first psychology laboratory in the United States at Harvard.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
He helped shift the field’s focus to the functions of mental events and behaviours, forming a
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
school of thought known as functionalism.
f f f f f f
• f
Gestalt psychologists studied human tendencies to perceive pattern rather than dividing
f f f f f f f f f f f
consciousness into its smallest parts. They focused on putting together the “parts,” or f f f f f f f f f f f f f
individual sensations, to create a “whole” or perception that went beyond the sum of the
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
parts. f
f
f
4. Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic,
f f f f f f f f f f
cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology. f f f f f f
• f
Over the years, different fields of psychology emerged, with different ideas about what was
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
the appropriate area of study for human psychology. Some of the most influential fields
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Psychology Around Us 4th Edition Ogden f f f f f f f f f f
nursytestbank.store
f
f
f
f
f
f
Psychology: Yesterday and Today f f f f
1-2
ffff f f f
f
Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or
f f f f f f f f f f f f
transmission of this page is prohibited
f f f f f f f
were the psychoanalytic, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience schools of
f f f f f f f f f f
thought. f
• f
Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytical theory focused on the importance of unconscious mental
f f f f f f f f f f f
processes. f
• f
Behaviourists believed strongly that psychology should restrict its focus to the careful study f f f f f f f f f f f f f
of observable behaviours.
f f f
• f
Humanistic psychologists reacted against the mechanical portrayals of people by the f f f f f f f f f f f
behaviourists and emphasized individuals’ potential for growth and self-actualization. f f f f f f f f f
• f
Cognitive psychologists reignited interest in the study of mental processes, comparing the
f f f f f f f f f f f f
workings of the mind to the workings of computers. f f f f f f f f f
• f
Biological science, including interest in the workings of the brain and in our genetic
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
inheritance, was the major influence on neuroscience approaches. f f f f f f f f
f
f
5. Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
psychology. f
,• f
The theoretical and cultural diversity of the field of psychology has increased dramatically
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
over recent years. f f f
• f
There are three key branches of psychology: academic, applied, and clinical/counselling.
f f f f f f f f f f f
• f
Across the three branches and many specialty areas in psychology, psychologists are
f f f f f f f f f f f f
united by their shared values. Psychologists generally agree that psychology is theory-
f f f f f f f f f f f
driven, empirical, multi-level, and contextual. f f f f f
• f
Currently, psychology appears to be developing as a science in response to a growing
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
diversity throughout the field, advances in technology (such as brain scanning), and the
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
development of new schools such as positive psychology. f f f f f f f f
f
f
DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Psychology Around Us 4th Edition Ogden f f f f f f f f f f
nursytestbank.store
1-3 f f f
Test Bank for Psychology Around Us, Fourth Canadian Edition
f f f f f f f f f
f
Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or
f f f f f f f f f f f f
transmission of this page is prohibited
f f f f f f f
TRUE-FALSE STATEMENTS f f
f
f
1. Mental processes describe the activity of our brains when we are engaged in thinking.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
f
Answer: True f f
f
Difficulty: Easy f f
Bloomcode: Knowledge f f
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis
f f f f f f f f f f f f
psychologists use. f f
Section Reference: What Is Psychology? f f f f f
f
f
2. The person level of analysis may include how intelligence or motivation influences
f f f f f f f f f f f f
behaviour.
f f
f
Answer: True f f
f
Difficulty: Easy f f
Bloomcode: Knowledge f f
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis
f f f f f f f f f f f f
psychologists use. f f
Section Reference: What Is Psychology? f f f f f
f
f
3. The history of psychology (and most other sciences) drew heavily on philosophy.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
f
Answer: True f f
f
Difficulty: Easy f f
Bloomcode: Knowledge f f
, Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
psychology. f
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
f f f f f f
f
f
4. Socrates believed that “truth” is an objective concept that is NOT dependent on perception.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
f
Answer: False f f
f
Difficulty: Easy f f
Bloomcode: Comprehension f f
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
psychology. f
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
f f f f f f
f
f
5. Darwin argued that dihybrid crossing was responsible for the characteristics that survive in
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
a
f f
population. f
f
DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Psychology Around Us 4th Edition Ogden f f f f f f f f f f
nursytestbank.store
f
f
f
f
f
f
Psychology: Yesterday and Today f f f f
1-4
ffff f f f
f
Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or
f f f f f f f f f f f f
transmission of this page is prohibited
f f f f f f f
Answer: False f f
f
Difficulty: Easy f f
Bloomcode: Knowledge f f
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories
f f f f f f f f f f
and
f f
research methods. f f
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
f f f f f f f
f
f
6. Voluntarism focused on the belief that a person’s free will ultimately determines human
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
behaviour. f
f
Answer: True f f
f
Difficulty: Easy f f
Bloomcode: Comprehension f f
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories
f f f f f f f f f f
and
f f
research methods. f f
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
f f f f f f f
f
f
7. Functionalists viewed the mind as an ever-changing stream of mental events that respond to
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
f
changing environments. f f
f
Test bank for psychology around us 4th canadian edition nancy ogde
f f f f f f f f f f
CHAPTER 1 f f
f
PSYCHOLOGY: YESTERDAY AND TODAY f f f f
f
CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES f f f
f
f
1. Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
• f
Psychology is the study of mental processes and behaviour. f f f f f f f f f
• f
The goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict, and control behaviour and mental
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
processes. Psychologists vary in the degree to which they focus on some of these goals
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
more than others. f f f
• f
The study of psychology must occur at multiple levels, including the level of the brain (the
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
biological activity associated with mental processes and behaviour), the level of the person
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
(the content of mental processes), and the level of the group (social influences on
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
behaviour). f
f
f
2. Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
• f
Early explanations of human behaviour were rooted in superstition and magic.
f f f f f f f f f f f
• f
Later, philosophers, beginning with the ancient Greeks, tried to develop more objective
f f f f f f f f f f f f
theories of human consciousness and reality.
f f f f f f
• f
The work of such early philosophers as Hippocrates, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
f f f f f f f f f f f f
contributed to the later formation of psychology as a natural science. f f f f f f f f f f f
f
f
3. Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research
f f f f f f f f f f f f
methods. f
• f
The development of psychology has been strongly influenced by shifts in the social
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
environment and development of new technology. f f f f f f
• f
The first psychology laboratory was founded in Leipzig, Germany, by physiologist Wilhelm
f f f f f f f f f f f f
Wundt. Wundt was interested in human consciousness and will, which he studied through
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
small, structured activities that could be easily watched and replicated.
f f f f f f f f f f
• f
Structuralism, a school of thought developed by one of Wundt’s students, relied upon the f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
use of introspection, the careful observation of human perception. The goal of the
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
,structuralists was to find the smallest building blocks of consciousness. f f f f f f f f f f
• f
William James established the first psychology laboratory in the United States at Harvard.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
He helped shift the field’s focus to the functions of mental events and behaviours, forming a
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
school of thought known as functionalism.
f f f f f f
• f
Gestalt psychologists studied human tendencies to perceive pattern rather than dividing
f f f f f f f f f f f
consciousness into its smallest parts. They focused on putting together the “parts,” or f f f f f f f f f f f f f
individual sensations, to create a “whole” or perception that went beyond the sum of the
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
parts. f
f
f
4. Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic,
f f f f f f f f f f
cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology. f f f f f f
• f
Over the years, different fields of psychology emerged, with different ideas about what was
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
the appropriate area of study for human psychology. Some of the most influential fields
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Psychology Around Us 4th Edition Ogden f f f f f f f f f f
nursytestbank.store
f
f
f
f
f
f
Psychology: Yesterday and Today f f f f
1-2
ffff f f f
f
Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or
f f f f f f f f f f f f
transmission of this page is prohibited
f f f f f f f
were the psychoanalytic, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience schools of
f f f f f f f f f f
thought. f
• f
Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytical theory focused on the importance of unconscious mental
f f f f f f f f f f f
processes. f
• f
Behaviourists believed strongly that psychology should restrict its focus to the careful study f f f f f f f f f f f f f
of observable behaviours.
f f f
• f
Humanistic psychologists reacted against the mechanical portrayals of people by the f f f f f f f f f f f
behaviourists and emphasized individuals’ potential for growth and self-actualization. f f f f f f f f f
• f
Cognitive psychologists reignited interest in the study of mental processes, comparing the
f f f f f f f f f f f f
workings of the mind to the workings of computers. f f f f f f f f f
• f
Biological science, including interest in the workings of the brain and in our genetic
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
inheritance, was the major influence on neuroscience approaches. f f f f f f f f
f
f
5. Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
psychology. f
,• f
The theoretical and cultural diversity of the field of psychology has increased dramatically
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
over recent years. f f f
• f
There are three key branches of psychology: academic, applied, and clinical/counselling.
f f f f f f f f f f f
• f
Across the three branches and many specialty areas in psychology, psychologists are
f f f f f f f f f f f f
united by their shared values. Psychologists generally agree that psychology is theory-
f f f f f f f f f f f
driven, empirical, multi-level, and contextual. f f f f f
• f
Currently, psychology appears to be developing as a science in response to a growing
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
diversity throughout the field, advances in technology (such as brain scanning), and the
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
development of new schools such as positive psychology. f f f f f f f f
f
f
DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Psychology Around Us 4th Edition Ogden f f f f f f f f f f
nursytestbank.store
1-3 f f f
Test Bank for Psychology Around Us, Fourth Canadian Edition
f f f f f f f f f
f
Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or
f f f f f f f f f f f f
transmission of this page is prohibited
f f f f f f f
TRUE-FALSE STATEMENTS f f
f
f
1. Mental processes describe the activity of our brains when we are engaged in thinking.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
f
Answer: True f f
f
Difficulty: Easy f f
Bloomcode: Knowledge f f
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis
f f f f f f f f f f f f
psychologists use. f f
Section Reference: What Is Psychology? f f f f f
f
f
2. The person level of analysis may include how intelligence or motivation influences
f f f f f f f f f f f f
behaviour.
f f
f
Answer: True f f
f
Difficulty: Easy f f
Bloomcode: Knowledge f f
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis
f f f f f f f f f f f f
psychologists use. f f
Section Reference: What Is Psychology? f f f f f
f
f
3. The history of psychology (and most other sciences) drew heavily on philosophy.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
f
Answer: True f f
f
Difficulty: Easy f f
Bloomcode: Knowledge f f
, Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
psychology. f
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
f f f f f f
f
f
4. Socrates believed that “truth” is an objective concept that is NOT dependent on perception.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
f
Answer: False f f
f
Difficulty: Easy f f
Bloomcode: Comprehension f f
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
psychology. f
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
f f f f f f
f
f
5. Darwin argued that dihybrid crossing was responsible for the characteristics that survive in
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
a
f f
population. f
f
DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Psychology Around Us 4th Edition Ogden f f f f f f f f f f
nursytestbank.store
f
f
f
f
f
f
Psychology: Yesterday and Today f f f f
1-4
ffff f f f
f
Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or
f f f f f f f f f f f f
transmission of this page is prohibited
f f f f f f f
Answer: False f f
f
Difficulty: Easy f f
Bloomcode: Knowledge f f
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories
f f f f f f f f f f
and
f f
research methods. f f
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
f f f f f f f
f
f
6. Voluntarism focused on the belief that a person’s free will ultimately determines human
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
behaviour. f
f
Answer: True f f
f
Difficulty: Easy f f
Bloomcode: Comprehension f f
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories
f f f f f f f f f f
and
f f
research methods. f f
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
f f f f f f f
f
f
7. Functionalists viewed the mind as an ever-changing stream of mental events that respond to
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
f
changing environments. f f
f
