NPLQ/ Lifeguarding UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
What are the priorities of casualty management? - CORRECT ANSWER - ABC: Airways,
Breathing, Circulation
- Life threatening injuries must be treated first and take priority. Order of priority is:
- Emergency CPR,
Management of choking
Life threatening bleeds
Unconscious casualty
Shock
Medical attention
What is the chain of survival? - CORRECT ANSWER - Early Recognition, Early CPR,
Early Defibrillation and Post Resuscitation care
What is asphyxia? - CORRECT ANSWER - Suffocation. It arises when the body is
deprived of oxygen. It is caused by:
Tongue blocking during unconsciousness
Foreign object lodged in throat
Strangulation
Mouth and nose covered
Drowning
What is cardiac arrest? - CORRECT ANSWER - When the heart has stopped pumping
blood around the body. The heart may have stopped altogether or twitching irregularly. It may be
caused by lack of oxygen due to asphyxia such as by drowning. It is also caused by direct
damage to the heart by injury, heart attack, electric shock or a medical condition. Seizures may
occur due to insufficient blood the brain/
,What is the sequence of CPR for an adult sudden collapse (dryside)? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1. Check for reponse: "Are you alright? Can you here me?"
- If they respond put into recovery position / reassess.
2. Tilt head back (Two fingers under chin and hand on forehead).
3. Keep airways open and check for breathing (10s): Look for chest breathing, listen for
breathing, feel breath.
4. Call 999: "I have an unresponsive adult who is not breathing please can you bring me a
defibrilator"
5. Start CPR: 30 compressions - 2 rescue breaths - 30 compressions and continue (30:2).
- Place hands in the middle of the abodmen/ end of sturnum (between nipples 5-6cm)
- Rescue breaths: Tilt head back. Pinch nose and blow into mouth.
6. AED
7. If they begin to breathe normally: Put in recovery position
What is the sequence of CPR for an Child/ infant sudden collapse (dryside)? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Same as adult but 5 initial rescue breaths.
Infant = 1 year >
Child = Pre-puberty
1. Assess (DR ABC)
2. Call 999
3. 5: 30: 2 (Rescue breaths: Compressions: Following rescue breaths).
4. AED
For a baby use two fingers to perform compressions in centre of chest (use a hand to keep head
steady). For a child use base of palm in center of chest.
What is the flow chart for CPR? - CORRECT ANSWER - Unresponsive and not breathing
normally -> Call 999 -> If drowning or child give 5 rescue breaths initially -> 30 compressions -
> 2 rescue breaths -> continue CPR 30:2 -> AED
What underlying conditions can be a cause of drowning? - CORRECT ANSWER - stroke.
Heart Attack. Hyperventilation. Asthma. Seizures. Hypothermia.
, What is the role of the first lifeguard for a spinal recovery (spinal board)? - CORRECT
ANSWER - - Implement the EAP.
- Apply a Vice grip or headsplint in shallow water
- Check for casualty response: "are you alright?"
- Determine state of casualty and communicate this with other lifeguards.
- Once the second lifeguard has taken the head the first lifeguard should move to the side and
support the shoulders and upper back (palms facing up).
- Once board is secure slide arms out and put their palms up to provide support under the board.
- Responsible for giving instructions throughout recovery and removal from the water.
What is the role of the second lifeguard for a spinal recovery? - CORRECT ANSWER --
Comes and takes the head from lifeguard 1. Supporting the head with their thumbs above the ear
and fingers.
- Maintain support of the head and reassure the casualty throughout.
- Once lifeguard four has their hands on the casualty's eyebrow then lifeguard 2 remove hands
onto rescue board.
What is the role of lifeguard 3 in spinal recovery? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Comes in
and supports the lower back, upper thighs and arms. Palms facing down.
- once the board is secure then move to the foot end of the board and take hold of it.
- Once the chest strap is secure, push down gently on the end of the board to to adjust the board
alignment with the head (if necessary).
What is the role of lifeguard 4 in spinal recovery? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Once the
other lifeguards have stableised the casualty in the water then you should position the board
alongside the casualty. Ensure that the straps nearest the casualty are under the rescue board to
prevent them getting tangled. Tip the board to the edge and nearest the casualty until its at a right
angle with the water. Push the board down into the water and allow it to float up underneath the
casualty - use the other lifeguards suggestions to make minor adjustments. Provide support under
the board by grasping it firmly with both arms and palms facing upwards,
- Gently apply the green chest strap. Feeding the strap in.
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
What are the priorities of casualty management? - CORRECT ANSWER - ABC: Airways,
Breathing, Circulation
- Life threatening injuries must be treated first and take priority. Order of priority is:
- Emergency CPR,
Management of choking
Life threatening bleeds
Unconscious casualty
Shock
Medical attention
What is the chain of survival? - CORRECT ANSWER - Early Recognition, Early CPR,
Early Defibrillation and Post Resuscitation care
What is asphyxia? - CORRECT ANSWER - Suffocation. It arises when the body is
deprived of oxygen. It is caused by:
Tongue blocking during unconsciousness
Foreign object lodged in throat
Strangulation
Mouth and nose covered
Drowning
What is cardiac arrest? - CORRECT ANSWER - When the heart has stopped pumping
blood around the body. The heart may have stopped altogether or twitching irregularly. It may be
caused by lack of oxygen due to asphyxia such as by drowning. It is also caused by direct
damage to the heart by injury, heart attack, electric shock or a medical condition. Seizures may
occur due to insufficient blood the brain/
,What is the sequence of CPR for an adult sudden collapse (dryside)? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1. Check for reponse: "Are you alright? Can you here me?"
- If they respond put into recovery position / reassess.
2. Tilt head back (Two fingers under chin and hand on forehead).
3. Keep airways open and check for breathing (10s): Look for chest breathing, listen for
breathing, feel breath.
4. Call 999: "I have an unresponsive adult who is not breathing please can you bring me a
defibrilator"
5. Start CPR: 30 compressions - 2 rescue breaths - 30 compressions and continue (30:2).
- Place hands in the middle of the abodmen/ end of sturnum (between nipples 5-6cm)
- Rescue breaths: Tilt head back. Pinch nose and blow into mouth.
6. AED
7. If they begin to breathe normally: Put in recovery position
What is the sequence of CPR for an Child/ infant sudden collapse (dryside)? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Same as adult but 5 initial rescue breaths.
Infant = 1 year >
Child = Pre-puberty
1. Assess (DR ABC)
2. Call 999
3. 5: 30: 2 (Rescue breaths: Compressions: Following rescue breaths).
4. AED
For a baby use two fingers to perform compressions in centre of chest (use a hand to keep head
steady). For a child use base of palm in center of chest.
What is the flow chart for CPR? - CORRECT ANSWER - Unresponsive and not breathing
normally -> Call 999 -> If drowning or child give 5 rescue breaths initially -> 30 compressions -
> 2 rescue breaths -> continue CPR 30:2 -> AED
What underlying conditions can be a cause of drowning? - CORRECT ANSWER - stroke.
Heart Attack. Hyperventilation. Asthma. Seizures. Hypothermia.
, What is the role of the first lifeguard for a spinal recovery (spinal board)? - CORRECT
ANSWER - - Implement the EAP.
- Apply a Vice grip or headsplint in shallow water
- Check for casualty response: "are you alright?"
- Determine state of casualty and communicate this with other lifeguards.
- Once the second lifeguard has taken the head the first lifeguard should move to the side and
support the shoulders and upper back (palms facing up).
- Once board is secure slide arms out and put their palms up to provide support under the board.
- Responsible for giving instructions throughout recovery and removal from the water.
What is the role of the second lifeguard for a spinal recovery? - CORRECT ANSWER --
Comes and takes the head from lifeguard 1. Supporting the head with their thumbs above the ear
and fingers.
- Maintain support of the head and reassure the casualty throughout.
- Once lifeguard four has their hands on the casualty's eyebrow then lifeguard 2 remove hands
onto rescue board.
What is the role of lifeguard 3 in spinal recovery? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Comes in
and supports the lower back, upper thighs and arms. Palms facing down.
- once the board is secure then move to the foot end of the board and take hold of it.
- Once the chest strap is secure, push down gently on the end of the board to to adjust the board
alignment with the head (if necessary).
What is the role of lifeguard 4 in spinal recovery? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Once the
other lifeguards have stableised the casualty in the water then you should position the board
alongside the casualty. Ensure that the straps nearest the casualty are under the rescue board to
prevent them getting tangled. Tip the board to the edge and nearest the casualty until its at a right
angle with the water. Push the board down into the water and allow it to float up underneath the
casualty - use the other lifeguards suggestions to make minor adjustments. Provide support under
the board by grasping it firmly with both arms and palms facing upwards,
- Gently apply the green chest strap. Feeding the strap in.
