PSYC 3102 Exam 1 Chapter 1,3
questions with answers Graded A+
What are the 3 elements of psychology? - answers-behavior
-environment
-organism
Cognition involves... - answersPerception
Attention
Remembering
Distinguishing items in a category
Visualizing
Language
Problem-solving
Reasoning and decision-making
Cognitive Psychology - answersthe branch of psychology concerned with the scientific
study of the mind
Cognition refers to what? - answersthe mental processes, such as perception, attention,
attention, and memory, that are what the mind does
Reaction-time (RT) experiment - answersMeasures interval between stimulus
presentation and person's response to stimulus
Simple RT Task (Donders) - answersparticipant pushes a button quickly after a light
appears
Choice RT task (Donders) - answersparticipant pushes one button if light is on right
side, another if light is on left side
Ebbinghaus (1885/1913) - answersthe savings method to measure forgetting
Donders (1868) - answerssimple reaction time versus choice reaction time
In Ebbinghaus experiment, most savings equals... - answerstime interval is short
In Ebbinghaus experiment, less savings equals... - answerstime interval is longer
What problems did John Watson see what the first cognitive psychologists ideas? -
answers-extremely variable results from person to person
-results difficult to verify (invisible inner mental processes)
, John Watson proposed a new approach called what? - answersbehaviorism
Watson and Rayner (1920) are known for what experiment? - answers"Little Albert"
experiment
classical conditioning - answerspairing one stimulus with another previously neutral
stimulus causes changes in the response to the neutral stimulus
B.F. Skinner developed - answersoperant conditioning
operant conditioning - answers-shape behaviors by rewards or punishments
-behavior that is rewarded is more likely to be repeated, whereas behavior that is
punished is less likely to be reapeated
Tolman created... - answerscognitive map (rat maze)
Skinner argued that... - answerschildren imitate speech they hear and correct speech is
rewarded
Chomsky argued that... - answerschildren do not only learn language through imitation
and reinforcement; language must be determined by inborn biological program
How can you understand complex cognitive behaviors? - answers-measure observable
behavior
-make inferences about underlying cognitive activity
-consider what this behavior says about how the mind works
information processing theory - answersa way to study the mind created from insights
associated with the digital computer
Cherry (1953) - answers"Dichotic" listening
-Present message A in left ear
-Present message B in right ear
-To ensure attention, shadow one message
-Participants were able to focus only on the message they were shadowing
Broadbent (1958) - answers-Flow diagram representing what happens as a person
directs attention to one stimulus
-Unattended information does not pass through the filter
How research progresses from question to question - answers-Start with what is known
-Ask questions
-Design experiments
-Obtain and interpret results
-Use results as the bases for new research questions and experiments
questions with answers Graded A+
What are the 3 elements of psychology? - answers-behavior
-environment
-organism
Cognition involves... - answersPerception
Attention
Remembering
Distinguishing items in a category
Visualizing
Language
Problem-solving
Reasoning and decision-making
Cognitive Psychology - answersthe branch of psychology concerned with the scientific
study of the mind
Cognition refers to what? - answersthe mental processes, such as perception, attention,
attention, and memory, that are what the mind does
Reaction-time (RT) experiment - answersMeasures interval between stimulus
presentation and person's response to stimulus
Simple RT Task (Donders) - answersparticipant pushes a button quickly after a light
appears
Choice RT task (Donders) - answersparticipant pushes one button if light is on right
side, another if light is on left side
Ebbinghaus (1885/1913) - answersthe savings method to measure forgetting
Donders (1868) - answerssimple reaction time versus choice reaction time
In Ebbinghaus experiment, most savings equals... - answerstime interval is short
In Ebbinghaus experiment, less savings equals... - answerstime interval is longer
What problems did John Watson see what the first cognitive psychologists ideas? -
answers-extremely variable results from person to person
-results difficult to verify (invisible inner mental processes)
, John Watson proposed a new approach called what? - answersbehaviorism
Watson and Rayner (1920) are known for what experiment? - answers"Little Albert"
experiment
classical conditioning - answerspairing one stimulus with another previously neutral
stimulus causes changes in the response to the neutral stimulus
B.F. Skinner developed - answersoperant conditioning
operant conditioning - answers-shape behaviors by rewards or punishments
-behavior that is rewarded is more likely to be repeated, whereas behavior that is
punished is less likely to be reapeated
Tolman created... - answerscognitive map (rat maze)
Skinner argued that... - answerschildren imitate speech they hear and correct speech is
rewarded
Chomsky argued that... - answerschildren do not only learn language through imitation
and reinforcement; language must be determined by inborn biological program
How can you understand complex cognitive behaviors? - answers-measure observable
behavior
-make inferences about underlying cognitive activity
-consider what this behavior says about how the mind works
information processing theory - answersa way to study the mind created from insights
associated with the digital computer
Cherry (1953) - answers"Dichotic" listening
-Present message A in left ear
-Present message B in right ear
-To ensure attention, shadow one message
-Participants were able to focus only on the message they were shadowing
Broadbent (1958) - answers-Flow diagram representing what happens as a person
directs attention to one stimulus
-Unattended information does not pass through the filter
How research progresses from question to question - answers-Start with what is known
-Ask questions
-Design experiments
-Obtain and interpret results
-Use results as the bases for new research questions and experiments
