MSN 6305 FINAL EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the best nondairy food strategies for achieving sufficient calcium intake? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Dark leafy greens and beans.
Is it true that people who consume large amounts of calcium from childhood onward will experience the
greatest protection against osteoporosis-related fractures? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Research has
consistently shown this to be UNTRUE. People in nations with the highest dairy & calcium intakes have
the highest rates of osteoporosis-related fractures, not the lowest. (Often times also combined with high
meat/dairy intake and sedentary lifestyle). Extra calcium has even in some studies shown to increase risk
of fractures, despite increased bone density.
What has high consumption of dairy products been linked to? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Development of ovarian and prostate cancer - particularly metastatic and fatal
prostate cancer.
What does appear to make strong, healthy bones? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Vitamin D and weight-
bearing exercise. Children are encouraged to enjoy outdoor activities (exercise plus vitamin D) more so
than consuming dairy products so long as calcium requirements are met.
Why are potatoes and fruit juices often placed in separate categories by dietary guidelines? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Often, dietary guidance rules place fruit juices and potatoes in separate categories,
because of dietary directives to eat whole fruits and minimize consumption of foods high in fat and
sodium, i.e., French fries.
According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010, nutrients of concern in the American diet
include ? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅potassium, dietary fiber, calcium, and vitamin D. Energy density
and intake are also important issues in the American diet.
What is Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC)? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Capacity for
clearing reactive oxygen species. Many F/V have high ORAC values. (I.E: collards, kale, brocolli. carrot,
watermelon, berries, onion, potatoes, etc.)
How many servings of F/V are recommended by US government per day? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅5 but bumping up to 6 would prevent many diseases (reduction of 31% for ischemic
, stroke, reduction of 19% for ischemic heart disease). (Worldwide mortality from inadequate
consumption of F/V is estimated at 2.6 million deaths per year).
What are the leading dietary risk factors for mortality? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Diets high in
sodium, low in whole grains, low in fruit, low in nuts and seeds, low in veg, and low in Omega 3 FAs.
Each accounting for more than 2% of global deaths. (Global Burden of Disease 2019 paper).
Current dietary guidelines work to target foods groups that should be minimized (sugar, fat, sodium,
etc.) however, it is possible that what may work better? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅The promotion to
consume more of foods in which current intake is less than optimal such as increasing vegetable intake
and whole grains. (Worldwide a diet low in whole grains most common dietary risk factor for deaths and
DALYs - Disability Adjusted Life Years).
Where is there the strongest evidence for prevention with F/V? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke. No direct influence on Diabetes
but may prevent wt gain which is the most important risk factor.
Green vegetables help with... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Intestinal immune cells (indole-3-cabinol -
maintains intraepithelial lymphocytes - deficits increase risk of intestinal damage).
Mushrooms help with... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Increasing salivary IgA secretion (SIgA) which acts
as first line of immune defense at mucosal surfaces. A lack increases risk of infections.
Blueberries help with... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Increasing natural killer cells (NK) which play a
critical role in the innate immune response to virus-infected tumor-transformed cells.
What does water-soluble fiber (inside plant cells) help with? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Decreasing
blood cholesterol levels. Slows passage of food into intestines (regulating blood sugar). Does not
significantly increase fecal bulk.
What are some sources of water-soluble fiber? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅beans, oats, f/v.
What are the best nondairy food strategies for achieving sufficient calcium intake? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Dark leafy greens and beans.
Is it true that people who consume large amounts of calcium from childhood onward will experience the
greatest protection against osteoporosis-related fractures? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Research has
consistently shown this to be UNTRUE. People in nations with the highest dairy & calcium intakes have
the highest rates of osteoporosis-related fractures, not the lowest. (Often times also combined with high
meat/dairy intake and sedentary lifestyle). Extra calcium has even in some studies shown to increase risk
of fractures, despite increased bone density.
What has high consumption of dairy products been linked to? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Development of ovarian and prostate cancer - particularly metastatic and fatal
prostate cancer.
What does appear to make strong, healthy bones? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Vitamin D and weight-
bearing exercise. Children are encouraged to enjoy outdoor activities (exercise plus vitamin D) more so
than consuming dairy products so long as calcium requirements are met.
Why are potatoes and fruit juices often placed in separate categories by dietary guidelines? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Often, dietary guidance rules place fruit juices and potatoes in separate categories,
because of dietary directives to eat whole fruits and minimize consumption of foods high in fat and
sodium, i.e., French fries.
According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010, nutrients of concern in the American diet
include ? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅potassium, dietary fiber, calcium, and vitamin D. Energy density
and intake are also important issues in the American diet.
What is Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC)? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Capacity for
clearing reactive oxygen species. Many F/V have high ORAC values. (I.E: collards, kale, brocolli. carrot,
watermelon, berries, onion, potatoes, etc.)
How many servings of F/V are recommended by US government per day? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅5 but bumping up to 6 would prevent many diseases (reduction of 31% for ischemic
, stroke, reduction of 19% for ischemic heart disease). (Worldwide mortality from inadequate
consumption of F/V is estimated at 2.6 million deaths per year).
What are the leading dietary risk factors for mortality? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Diets high in
sodium, low in whole grains, low in fruit, low in nuts and seeds, low in veg, and low in Omega 3 FAs.
Each accounting for more than 2% of global deaths. (Global Burden of Disease 2019 paper).
Current dietary guidelines work to target foods groups that should be minimized (sugar, fat, sodium,
etc.) however, it is possible that what may work better? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅The promotion to
consume more of foods in which current intake is less than optimal such as increasing vegetable intake
and whole grains. (Worldwide a diet low in whole grains most common dietary risk factor for deaths and
DALYs - Disability Adjusted Life Years).
Where is there the strongest evidence for prevention with F/V? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke. No direct influence on Diabetes
but may prevent wt gain which is the most important risk factor.
Green vegetables help with... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Intestinal immune cells (indole-3-cabinol -
maintains intraepithelial lymphocytes - deficits increase risk of intestinal damage).
Mushrooms help with... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Increasing salivary IgA secretion (SIgA) which acts
as first line of immune defense at mucosal surfaces. A lack increases risk of infections.
Blueberries help with... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Increasing natural killer cells (NK) which play a
critical role in the innate immune response to virus-infected tumor-transformed cells.
What does water-soluble fiber (inside plant cells) help with? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Decreasing
blood cholesterol levels. Slows passage of food into intestines (regulating blood sugar). Does not
significantly increase fecal bulk.
What are some sources of water-soluble fiber? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅beans, oats, f/v.
