CSP AP EXAM 2 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
✔✔Asymmetric Encryption - ✔✔Pairs a public key for encryption and a private key for
decryption. The sender does not need the receiver's private key to encrypt a message,
but the receiver's private key is required to decrypt the message.
✔✔Freeware - ✔✔Untrustworthy (often free) downloads from freeware or shareware
sites can contain malware.
✔✔Multi-factor Authentication - ✔✔A system that requires at least two steps to unlock
protected information; each step adds a new layer of security that must be broken to
gain unauthorized access
✔✔Strong password - ✔✔Something that is easy for a user to remember but would be
difficult for someone else to guess based on knowledge of that user.
✔✔Virus - ✔✔A malicious program that can copy itself and gain access to a computer in
an unauthorized way. Computer viruses often attach themselves to legitimate programs
and start running independently on a computer.
✔✔Caesar Cipher - ✔✔A technique for encryption that shifts the alphabet by some
number of characters
✔✔Random Substitution - ✔✔An encoding technique that maps each letter of the
alphabet randomly to different letters or characters.
✔✔Cipher - ✔✔The generic term for a technique (or algorithm) that performs
encryption.
✔✔Cracking Encryption - ✔✔When you attempt to decode a secret message without
knowing all the specifics of the cipher.
✔✔Computer Virus Scanning Software - ✔✔Protects a computer system against
infection.
✔✔DDoS Attack - ✔✔Hacker floods a server with numerous bogus requests so that
legitimate users can no longer access the server.
✔✔Certificate Authority (CA) - ✔✔A trusted third-party agency that is responsible for
issuing digital certificates.
✔✔GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) - ✔✔A group of regulations
implemented by the European Union (EU) to protect personal data of EU citizens.
, ✔✔Parameter - ✔✔A variable in a function definition. Used as a placeholder for values
that will be passed through the function.
✔✔Argument - ✔✔The value passed to the parameter of a function.
✔✔Return - ✔✔Used to return the flow of control to the point where the procedure (also
known as a function) was called and to return the value of expression.
✔✔Procedural Abstraction - ✔✔Identifying repetitive code statements and placing them
in one procedure that can be referenced by many objects
✔✔Library - ✔✔A group of functions (procedures) that may be used in creating new
programs.
✔✔API: Application Program Interface - ✔✔Specifications for how functions in a library
behave and can be used.
✔✔Modularity - ✔✔The subdivision of a computer program into separate subprograms
that are each responsible for one aspect of hte program's functionality
✔✔Sequencing - ✔✔The application of each step of an algorithm in the order in which
the code statements are given.
✔✔Selection - ✔✔Determines which parts of an algorithm are executed based on a
condition being true or false.
✔✔Iteration - ✔✔A repetitive portion of an algorithm which repeats a specified number
of times or until a given condition is met.
✔✔Algorithm - ✔✔A step-by-step procedure or set of rules for solving a specific
problem or task
✔✔MOD operation - ✔✔The remainder that is left after a number is divided by another
number.
✔✔Function - ✔✔A named group of programming instructions. Also referred to as a
"procedure".
✔✔Function Call - ✔✔A command that executes the code within a function.
✔✔Conditional Statement - ✔✔Affect the sequential flow of control by executing
different statements based on the value of a Boolean expression.
GRADED A+
✔✔Asymmetric Encryption - ✔✔Pairs a public key for encryption and a private key for
decryption. The sender does not need the receiver's private key to encrypt a message,
but the receiver's private key is required to decrypt the message.
✔✔Freeware - ✔✔Untrustworthy (often free) downloads from freeware or shareware
sites can contain malware.
✔✔Multi-factor Authentication - ✔✔A system that requires at least two steps to unlock
protected information; each step adds a new layer of security that must be broken to
gain unauthorized access
✔✔Strong password - ✔✔Something that is easy for a user to remember but would be
difficult for someone else to guess based on knowledge of that user.
✔✔Virus - ✔✔A malicious program that can copy itself and gain access to a computer in
an unauthorized way. Computer viruses often attach themselves to legitimate programs
and start running independently on a computer.
✔✔Caesar Cipher - ✔✔A technique for encryption that shifts the alphabet by some
number of characters
✔✔Random Substitution - ✔✔An encoding technique that maps each letter of the
alphabet randomly to different letters or characters.
✔✔Cipher - ✔✔The generic term for a technique (or algorithm) that performs
encryption.
✔✔Cracking Encryption - ✔✔When you attempt to decode a secret message without
knowing all the specifics of the cipher.
✔✔Computer Virus Scanning Software - ✔✔Protects a computer system against
infection.
✔✔DDoS Attack - ✔✔Hacker floods a server with numerous bogus requests so that
legitimate users can no longer access the server.
✔✔Certificate Authority (CA) - ✔✔A trusted third-party agency that is responsible for
issuing digital certificates.
✔✔GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) - ✔✔A group of regulations
implemented by the European Union (EU) to protect personal data of EU citizens.
, ✔✔Parameter - ✔✔A variable in a function definition. Used as a placeholder for values
that will be passed through the function.
✔✔Argument - ✔✔The value passed to the parameter of a function.
✔✔Return - ✔✔Used to return the flow of control to the point where the procedure (also
known as a function) was called and to return the value of expression.
✔✔Procedural Abstraction - ✔✔Identifying repetitive code statements and placing them
in one procedure that can be referenced by many objects
✔✔Library - ✔✔A group of functions (procedures) that may be used in creating new
programs.
✔✔API: Application Program Interface - ✔✔Specifications for how functions in a library
behave and can be used.
✔✔Modularity - ✔✔The subdivision of a computer program into separate subprograms
that are each responsible for one aspect of hte program's functionality
✔✔Sequencing - ✔✔The application of each step of an algorithm in the order in which
the code statements are given.
✔✔Selection - ✔✔Determines which parts of an algorithm are executed based on a
condition being true or false.
✔✔Iteration - ✔✔A repetitive portion of an algorithm which repeats a specified number
of times or until a given condition is met.
✔✔Algorithm - ✔✔A step-by-step procedure or set of rules for solving a specific
problem or task
✔✔MOD operation - ✔✔The remainder that is left after a number is divided by another
number.
✔✔Function - ✔✔A named group of programming instructions. Also referred to as a
"procedure".
✔✔Function Call - ✔✔A command that executes the code within a function.
✔✔Conditional Statement - ✔✔Affect the sequential flow of control by executing
different statements based on the value of a Boolean expression.
