40 HOUR RADIATION 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Isotope - ✔✔Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
✔✔alpha decay - ✔✔A nuclear reaction in which an atom emits an alpha particle
consisting of two protons and two neutrons. This increases the atomic number by 2 and
the mass number by 4.
✔✔beta decay - ✔✔radioactive decay in which an electron is emitted.
✔✔electron capture - ✔✔the process in which an inner orbital electron is captured by
the nucleus of the atom that contains the electron
✔✔ionizing radiation - ✔✔the radiation consisting of particles, X-rays, or gamma rays
with sufficient energy to cause ionization in the medium through which it passes
✔✔non-ionizing radiation - ✔✔any type of electromagnetic radiation that does not carry
enough energy per quantum to ionize atoms or molecules
✔✔LET - ✔✔Linear energy transfer is the amount of energy that an ionizing particle
transfers to the material traversed per uint distance. Describes the action of radiation
into matter. It is identical to the retarding force acting on a charged ionizing particle
traveling
✔✔Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau - ✔✔The radiosensitivity of cells is directly
proportional to their reproductive activity and inversely proportional to their degree of
differentiation.
✔✔The cells most vital area to get irradiated is _________. A. Nucleus b. Golgi
Apparatus C. Lysosome D. Mitochondria - ✔✔A. Nucleus
✔✔prodromal stage - ✔✔occurs within hours of exposure. symptoms are felt (nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea)
✔✔What occurs to a cell, in which the DNA has taken a direct hit? - ✔✔Cell functions
stop
✔✔Latent stage - ✔✔Symptoms are lessened but still there lasts about 12 hours
✔✔Instant cell death occurs at either _______ gray or ______ rads. A. 5 gray (5000
rad) B. 100 gray (10,000 rad) C. 1 gray (1000 rad) D. 1000 gray (100,000 rad) - ✔✔D.
1000 gray (100,000 rad)
, ✔✔Manifest stage - ✔✔symptoms intensify and new ones appear (loss of vision) lasts a
few hours long
✔✔What can determine a cells radiosensitivity? - ✔✔How quickly it reproduces
✔✔death/recovery stage - ✔✔cells/body either recover or die
✔✔Name on of three very radiosensitive cells - ✔✔White blood cells
✔✔Russell & Muller's research - ✔✔
✔✔True or false: red blood cells have a nucleus - ✔✔False
✔✔Hematopoietic Syndrome - ✔✔
✔✔Name one of three radio insensitive cells? - ✔✔Nerve cells
✔✔What is the charge of a positron? - ✔✔positive
✔✔What is the benefit of studying high dose radiation effects on humans? - ✔✔To
understand its effect on humans
✔✔What is the charge of neutron? - ✔✔Neutral
✔✔How can these studies benefit us in nuclear medicine? - ✔✔Helps to gauge the best
dosage with the least harm
✔✔What is the charge of an electron? - ✔✔negative
✔✔What is the symptoms of high radiation effect and what is the treatment? -
✔✔Fatigue, confusion and there's no treatment
✔✔What is binding energy? - ✔✔The amount of energy required to hold an electron on
its orbit
✔✔The most radiosensitive portion of white cells are called _____. A. Lymphocytes B.
Granulocytes C. Dynomytes. D. Erythrocytes - ✔✔A. Lymphocytes
✔✔All radioactive elements are giving off something, why are they doing this? What are
they trying to do? - ✔✔They are decaying in attempt to make themselves stable
✔✔What are some of the symptoms of gastro intestinal syndrome? - ✔✔Nausea,
vomiting
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Isotope - ✔✔Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
✔✔alpha decay - ✔✔A nuclear reaction in which an atom emits an alpha particle
consisting of two protons and two neutrons. This increases the atomic number by 2 and
the mass number by 4.
✔✔beta decay - ✔✔radioactive decay in which an electron is emitted.
✔✔electron capture - ✔✔the process in which an inner orbital electron is captured by
the nucleus of the atom that contains the electron
✔✔ionizing radiation - ✔✔the radiation consisting of particles, X-rays, or gamma rays
with sufficient energy to cause ionization in the medium through which it passes
✔✔non-ionizing radiation - ✔✔any type of electromagnetic radiation that does not carry
enough energy per quantum to ionize atoms or molecules
✔✔LET - ✔✔Linear energy transfer is the amount of energy that an ionizing particle
transfers to the material traversed per uint distance. Describes the action of radiation
into matter. It is identical to the retarding force acting on a charged ionizing particle
traveling
✔✔Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau - ✔✔The radiosensitivity of cells is directly
proportional to their reproductive activity and inversely proportional to their degree of
differentiation.
✔✔The cells most vital area to get irradiated is _________. A. Nucleus b. Golgi
Apparatus C. Lysosome D. Mitochondria - ✔✔A. Nucleus
✔✔prodromal stage - ✔✔occurs within hours of exposure. symptoms are felt (nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea)
✔✔What occurs to a cell, in which the DNA has taken a direct hit? - ✔✔Cell functions
stop
✔✔Latent stage - ✔✔Symptoms are lessened but still there lasts about 12 hours
✔✔Instant cell death occurs at either _______ gray or ______ rads. A. 5 gray (5000
rad) B. 100 gray (10,000 rad) C. 1 gray (1000 rad) D. 1000 gray (100,000 rad) - ✔✔D.
1000 gray (100,000 rad)
, ✔✔Manifest stage - ✔✔symptoms intensify and new ones appear (loss of vision) lasts a
few hours long
✔✔What can determine a cells radiosensitivity? - ✔✔How quickly it reproduces
✔✔death/recovery stage - ✔✔cells/body either recover or die
✔✔Name on of three very radiosensitive cells - ✔✔White blood cells
✔✔Russell & Muller's research - ✔✔
✔✔True or false: red blood cells have a nucleus - ✔✔False
✔✔Hematopoietic Syndrome - ✔✔
✔✔Name one of three radio insensitive cells? - ✔✔Nerve cells
✔✔What is the charge of a positron? - ✔✔positive
✔✔What is the benefit of studying high dose radiation effects on humans? - ✔✔To
understand its effect on humans
✔✔What is the charge of neutron? - ✔✔Neutral
✔✔How can these studies benefit us in nuclear medicine? - ✔✔Helps to gauge the best
dosage with the least harm
✔✔What is the charge of an electron? - ✔✔negative
✔✔What is the symptoms of high radiation effect and what is the treatment? -
✔✔Fatigue, confusion and there's no treatment
✔✔What is binding energy? - ✔✔The amount of energy required to hold an electron on
its orbit
✔✔The most radiosensitive portion of white cells are called _____. A. Lymphocytes B.
Granulocytes C. Dynomytes. D. Erythrocytes - ✔✔A. Lymphocytes
✔✔All radioactive elements are giving off something, why are they doing this? What are
they trying to do? - ✔✔They are decaying in attempt to make themselves stable
✔✔What are some of the symptoms of gastro intestinal syndrome? - ✔✔Nausea,
vomiting
