Praxis 5025 (Language and Literacy)
2024/2025 Exam All Answers and
Illustrations Given
Phonetics - ✔✔Study of the acoustical and articulatory character of human
speech sounds (phonemes)
study of speech sounds
Speech System - ✔✔1. Subglottal system
2. Larynx/voice box - located above the subglottal system
3. Supraglottal System - located above the glottis, which is the opening
between the vocal folds
Complex utilization of various anatomical organ systems.
Place of articulation (relating to the production of speech sounds) - ✔✔The
area of the vocal tract whose shape is changed by speech producing
movements. The changes affect the size of the area through which air
flows varying the frequencies of speech sounds
1
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
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,Bilabial phonemes - ✔✔Both lips touching and then releasing (b, m - voiced
& p - voiceless)
Labiodental phonemes - ✔✔Upper teeth touch the lower lip and then
releasing (v - voiced & f - voiceless)
Interdental phonemes - ✔✔Pronounced with the tongue between the teeth
(th "the" - voiced & th "theme" - voiceless)
Dental Phonemes - ✔✔Produced by touching the tip of the tongue to the
back of the front teeth (t and d)
Alveolar phoneme pronunciation - ✔✔Touching the tip of the tongue to the
alveolar ridge (t, s - voiceless & d, z, n, l)
Place of articulation (corresponding speech sounds they produce) - ✔✔The
location in the vocal tract that changes shape due to muscular movements
and thereby modifying the sound of the air flowing through the vocal tract
Alveopalatal phonemes - ✔✔Involves moving the tongue between the
alveolar ridge and the hard palate (sh, ch. g "measure" or "rogue" -
voiceless & dg "judge" - voiced)
2
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Palatal phonemes - ✔✔Produced by moving the body of the tongue toward
the hard palate "you"
Velar phonemes - ✔✔Produced by moving the body of the tongue toward
the velum/soft palate (k - voiceless & ng - voiced)
Glottal phonemes - ✔✔Produced at the vocal fold opening/glottis (h)
Manner of articulation - ✔✔How the tongue and/or lips control airflow to
vary phonemes
Plosives - ✔✔Producing them involves completely blocking airflow and
then releasing it (p, b, t, d, k and g)
Fricatives - ✔✔Involves partially blocking airflow, which causes vibrations
and produces hissing (devocalized) or buzzing (vocalized) sounds (f, v, s,
z, sh and zh)
Affricates - ✔✔Combinations of plosives and fricatives or stops and
vibrations (ch and dg)
Nasals - ✔✔Produced by lowering the velum/soft palate and blocking the
vocal tract so that air flows out through the nasal cavity instead of the oral
cavity (n, m, ng) Nasals are always vocalized
3
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2024/2025 Exam All Answers and
Illustrations Given
Phonetics - ✔✔Study of the acoustical and articulatory character of human
speech sounds (phonemes)
study of speech sounds
Speech System - ✔✔1. Subglottal system
2. Larynx/voice box - located above the subglottal system
3. Supraglottal System - located above the glottis, which is the opening
between the vocal folds
Complex utilization of various anatomical organ systems.
Place of articulation (relating to the production of speech sounds) - ✔✔The
area of the vocal tract whose shape is changed by speech producing
movements. The changes affect the size of the area through which air
flows varying the frequencies of speech sounds
1
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,Bilabial phonemes - ✔✔Both lips touching and then releasing (b, m - voiced
& p - voiceless)
Labiodental phonemes - ✔✔Upper teeth touch the lower lip and then
releasing (v - voiced & f - voiceless)
Interdental phonemes - ✔✔Pronounced with the tongue between the teeth
(th "the" - voiced & th "theme" - voiceless)
Dental Phonemes - ✔✔Produced by touching the tip of the tongue to the
back of the front teeth (t and d)
Alveolar phoneme pronunciation - ✔✔Touching the tip of the tongue to the
alveolar ridge (t, s - voiceless & d, z, n, l)
Place of articulation (corresponding speech sounds they produce) - ✔✔The
location in the vocal tract that changes shape due to muscular movements
and thereby modifying the sound of the air flowing through the vocal tract
Alveopalatal phonemes - ✔✔Involves moving the tongue between the
alveolar ridge and the hard palate (sh, ch. g "measure" or "rogue" -
voiceless & dg "judge" - voiced)
2
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Palatal phonemes - ✔✔Produced by moving the body of the tongue toward
the hard palate "you"
Velar phonemes - ✔✔Produced by moving the body of the tongue toward
the velum/soft palate (k - voiceless & ng - voiced)
Glottal phonemes - ✔✔Produced at the vocal fold opening/glottis (h)
Manner of articulation - ✔✔How the tongue and/or lips control airflow to
vary phonemes
Plosives - ✔✔Producing them involves completely blocking airflow and
then releasing it (p, b, t, d, k and g)
Fricatives - ✔✔Involves partially blocking airflow, which causes vibrations
and produces hissing (devocalized) or buzzing (vocalized) sounds (f, v, s,
z, sh and zh)
Affricates - ✔✔Combinations of plosives and fricatives or stops and
vibrations (ch and dg)
Nasals - ✔✔Produced by lowering the velum/soft palate and blocking the
vocal tract so that air flows out through the nasal cavity instead of the oral
cavity (n, m, ng) Nasals are always vocalized
3
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
