AADC FINAL EXAM GUIDE 2025 WITH CORRECTLY
VERIFIED ANSWERS|GUARANTEED PASS
ID - part of the mind that is the collection of instincts and basic urges, immediate
gratification, unconscious. Always seeks pleasure.
EGO - the rational and reasoning part of the mind, negotiator between the id and
superego, is partially conscious. Tries to find a compromise between id and superego.
SUPEREGO - part of the mind that is conscious, comprised of ideas and rules that are
learned from parents and other adults. In conflict with the id. Seeks what has been taught and
what is right.
Repression - Forcing unacceptable thoughts and feelings from the conscious mind to the
unconscious mind. "Forget" it but still act on it because it is not resolved.
Projection - Accusing others of motives and traits that the person senses are true about
themselves but find unacceptable.
Displacement - discomfort is created by one person but there is too much anxiety to talk
directly with the person, so the individual takes out his/her feelings on someone or something
less threatening.
Reaction Formation - exchanging an unacceptable urge or feeling for a more acceptable
one, often expressed in excess.
Regression - returning to more immature behavior that used to be satisfying-occurs more
frequently when under pressure.
Rationalization - finding a satisfactory reason for doing something unacceptable
Intellectualization - understanding a difficult situation with the mind but not allowing any
feelings about it.
Client-Centered Therapy - a person is essentially good and capable of living a meaningful
life.
Goals of client-centered therapy - self-healing through self discovery and self acceptance
,genuiness - a trait of client-centered therapy where the counselor is themselves and is
not playing the role of the therapy. This may include self-disclosure
unconditional positive regard - a trait of client-centered therapy that shows respect and
acceptance of the client without judgment
Gestalt Therapy - a healthy person is one whose experiences form a meaningful and
balanced pattern. A healthy person lives in the present responsible for their own feelings and
actions.
Goals of Gestalt Therapy - Integration of experience into a whole personality. Provides
"here and now" challenge to speed up growth. Counselor acts as a catalyst to speed up the
process but the client does the changing and integrating. The counselor designs exercises that
FORCE the client to experience rather than talk about themselves.
Rational Emotive Therapy - Thinking and feeling are two processes but are closely linked
together. Event->persons thoughts and feelings about event -> action. The persons thoughts and
feelings about the event causes the actions.
Goals of Rational-Emotive Therapy - Teaching the client to analyze his/her belief system
and correct the irrational distortions. The counselor creates new judgments that are rational
(logical) based on data from the client's life.
Reality Therapy - A healthy person is a responsible person who satisfies their own needs.
Problems occur when the behavior, in trying to meet needs, is in conflict with moral code.
Goals of Reality Therapy - Helping the individual get back in tough with objective and
moral reality by making responsible decisions. Focus is on the present, counselor teaches the
client objective and moral reality. The client learns to act responsibly which promotes self-
worth. The counselor excepts no excuse for irresponsible behavior.
Transactional Analysis - Each person has 3 ego states (parent, child, adult) that are
continuously functioning. These ego states interact with the ego states of another person which
is called a transaction. Based on life experiences, the person develops one of four positions
from which they view themselves, others and the world.
Parent State - a collection of unquestioned messages the person received while growing
up: values, rules, judgments, and messages about self, others, and the world. Acts as a
conscience, similar to Freud's superego.
Adult State - information is processed without distortion because this state is rational and
reality oriented. Not influenced by the past and is similar to Freud's ego.
,Child State - a collection of feelings, thoughts, and behaviors that the individual
experienced as a child (2-5 years old).
"im not ok-youre ok" - the infant initially feels this while realizing that most of the world
and people in it are bigger than they are, and they must depend on others for survival. With
proper nurturing, an infant grows out of the=is life position. If an individual remains stuck in this
life position, they will be a dependent person who feels helpless.
"im not ok-youre not ok" - Without enough nurturing, the child will come to view
themselves and others as bad. If the person remains stuck here, they feel helpless.
"im ok-youre not ok" - if a child does not receive enough nurturing, never develops trust,
and may have been abused, they do not trust anyone. This is a position of survival. If the person
remains stuck here, they will blame others for all that goes wrong and will not accept any
responsibility.
"im ok-youre ok" - Is the result of a child receiving enough nurturing and having
developed trust. Person is able to feel good about themselves and others and form successful
interpersonal relationships.
Script - Each person has a script which is a theme of the persons life. It contains the
person's life choices and problems.
Goal of Transactional Analysis Therapy - The goal is to identify types of transactions in
which the client participates. The transactions are interpreted in light of the clients script. The
client is helped to function from the rational adult position which is considered the healthiest
place. Counselor helps the client rewrite the script.
Free association - the Freudian technique in which the person is encouraged to say
whatever comes to mind as a means of exploring the unconscious
Behavior Therapy - Focus is on overt behavior, precision in specifying goals of treatment,
development of specific treatment plans, and objective evaluation of therapy outcomes.
Focused on observable behavior. The therapist is active and directive and functions as a teacher
or trainer in helping clients learn more effective behavior.
Positive Reinforcement - Operant condition, a behavior is strengthened by the
consequence of experiencing a positive condition (reward).
Negative Reinforcment - Operant conditioning, a behavior is strengthened by the
consequence of stopping or avoiding a negative condition (subtraction of something they do not
like)
, Punishment - A behavior is weakened by the consequence of experiencing a negative
condition (video games taken away due to failing classes)
Extinction - A behavior is weakened by the consequence of not experiencing a positive
condition or removing a negative condition. (child stops striving for good grades because no
positive condition (money) or negative condition (removal of something undesirable (chores) for
reinforcement
Systematic Desensitization - A client is first taught to relax their mind and body. A list of
anxiety producing stimuli from least to most upsetting is decided upon. Works on the
assumption that a client cannot be relaxed and anxious at the same time. Exposed to anxiety
provoking stimuli in a controlled therapeutic setting.
Flooding - "in-vivo exposure" involves placing an individual in real-life situations as
opposed to therapeutic settings and can be used with individuals who struggle to imagine
scenes realistically.
Paradoxical Theory of Change - Gestalt theoretical position that states that change occurs
when someone becomes who they are, not who they are not.
Adlerian Therapy - A positive view of human nature is stressed. Humans are motivated by
social interest, by striving towards goals, and by dealing with the tasks of life. This approach
emphasizes the individuals positive capacities to live in society cooperatively.
Goals of Adlerian Therapy - To challenge clients' basic premises and life goals. To offer
encouragement so they can develop socially useful goals. To change faulty motivation and help
them feel equal to others.
Therapeutic Communities - Highly structured daily routines, a system of rewards and
punishments, and frequent group confrontation are characteristics of?
Referral means - assisting a client to utilize the support systems and community
resources available
Synergistic effects - are a problem associate with consuming alcohol and valium together.
Ethnocentrism - Is the belief that one's own culture is superior to others.
Moral Model of Addiction - excessive use of alcohol is a result of personal choice and
therefore should be punished is consistent with what model of addiction?
A common problem for beginning counselors - Failing to identify an approach that is
appropriate to the client
VERIFIED ANSWERS|GUARANTEED PASS
ID - part of the mind that is the collection of instincts and basic urges, immediate
gratification, unconscious. Always seeks pleasure.
EGO - the rational and reasoning part of the mind, negotiator between the id and
superego, is partially conscious. Tries to find a compromise between id and superego.
SUPEREGO - part of the mind that is conscious, comprised of ideas and rules that are
learned from parents and other adults. In conflict with the id. Seeks what has been taught and
what is right.
Repression - Forcing unacceptable thoughts and feelings from the conscious mind to the
unconscious mind. "Forget" it but still act on it because it is not resolved.
Projection - Accusing others of motives and traits that the person senses are true about
themselves but find unacceptable.
Displacement - discomfort is created by one person but there is too much anxiety to talk
directly with the person, so the individual takes out his/her feelings on someone or something
less threatening.
Reaction Formation - exchanging an unacceptable urge or feeling for a more acceptable
one, often expressed in excess.
Regression - returning to more immature behavior that used to be satisfying-occurs more
frequently when under pressure.
Rationalization - finding a satisfactory reason for doing something unacceptable
Intellectualization - understanding a difficult situation with the mind but not allowing any
feelings about it.
Client-Centered Therapy - a person is essentially good and capable of living a meaningful
life.
Goals of client-centered therapy - self-healing through self discovery and self acceptance
,genuiness - a trait of client-centered therapy where the counselor is themselves and is
not playing the role of the therapy. This may include self-disclosure
unconditional positive regard - a trait of client-centered therapy that shows respect and
acceptance of the client without judgment
Gestalt Therapy - a healthy person is one whose experiences form a meaningful and
balanced pattern. A healthy person lives in the present responsible for their own feelings and
actions.
Goals of Gestalt Therapy - Integration of experience into a whole personality. Provides
"here and now" challenge to speed up growth. Counselor acts as a catalyst to speed up the
process but the client does the changing and integrating. The counselor designs exercises that
FORCE the client to experience rather than talk about themselves.
Rational Emotive Therapy - Thinking and feeling are two processes but are closely linked
together. Event->persons thoughts and feelings about event -> action. The persons thoughts and
feelings about the event causes the actions.
Goals of Rational-Emotive Therapy - Teaching the client to analyze his/her belief system
and correct the irrational distortions. The counselor creates new judgments that are rational
(logical) based on data from the client's life.
Reality Therapy - A healthy person is a responsible person who satisfies their own needs.
Problems occur when the behavior, in trying to meet needs, is in conflict with moral code.
Goals of Reality Therapy - Helping the individual get back in tough with objective and
moral reality by making responsible decisions. Focus is on the present, counselor teaches the
client objective and moral reality. The client learns to act responsibly which promotes self-
worth. The counselor excepts no excuse for irresponsible behavior.
Transactional Analysis - Each person has 3 ego states (parent, child, adult) that are
continuously functioning. These ego states interact with the ego states of another person which
is called a transaction. Based on life experiences, the person develops one of four positions
from which they view themselves, others and the world.
Parent State - a collection of unquestioned messages the person received while growing
up: values, rules, judgments, and messages about self, others, and the world. Acts as a
conscience, similar to Freud's superego.
Adult State - information is processed without distortion because this state is rational and
reality oriented. Not influenced by the past and is similar to Freud's ego.
,Child State - a collection of feelings, thoughts, and behaviors that the individual
experienced as a child (2-5 years old).
"im not ok-youre ok" - the infant initially feels this while realizing that most of the world
and people in it are bigger than they are, and they must depend on others for survival. With
proper nurturing, an infant grows out of the=is life position. If an individual remains stuck in this
life position, they will be a dependent person who feels helpless.
"im not ok-youre not ok" - Without enough nurturing, the child will come to view
themselves and others as bad. If the person remains stuck here, they feel helpless.
"im ok-youre not ok" - if a child does not receive enough nurturing, never develops trust,
and may have been abused, they do not trust anyone. This is a position of survival. If the person
remains stuck here, they will blame others for all that goes wrong and will not accept any
responsibility.
"im ok-youre ok" - Is the result of a child receiving enough nurturing and having
developed trust. Person is able to feel good about themselves and others and form successful
interpersonal relationships.
Script - Each person has a script which is a theme of the persons life. It contains the
person's life choices and problems.
Goal of Transactional Analysis Therapy - The goal is to identify types of transactions in
which the client participates. The transactions are interpreted in light of the clients script. The
client is helped to function from the rational adult position which is considered the healthiest
place. Counselor helps the client rewrite the script.
Free association - the Freudian technique in which the person is encouraged to say
whatever comes to mind as a means of exploring the unconscious
Behavior Therapy - Focus is on overt behavior, precision in specifying goals of treatment,
development of specific treatment plans, and objective evaluation of therapy outcomes.
Focused on observable behavior. The therapist is active and directive and functions as a teacher
or trainer in helping clients learn more effective behavior.
Positive Reinforcement - Operant condition, a behavior is strengthened by the
consequence of experiencing a positive condition (reward).
Negative Reinforcment - Operant conditioning, a behavior is strengthened by the
consequence of stopping or avoiding a negative condition (subtraction of something they do not
like)
, Punishment - A behavior is weakened by the consequence of experiencing a negative
condition (video games taken away due to failing classes)
Extinction - A behavior is weakened by the consequence of not experiencing a positive
condition or removing a negative condition. (child stops striving for good grades because no
positive condition (money) or negative condition (removal of something undesirable (chores) for
reinforcement
Systematic Desensitization - A client is first taught to relax their mind and body. A list of
anxiety producing stimuli from least to most upsetting is decided upon. Works on the
assumption that a client cannot be relaxed and anxious at the same time. Exposed to anxiety
provoking stimuli in a controlled therapeutic setting.
Flooding - "in-vivo exposure" involves placing an individual in real-life situations as
opposed to therapeutic settings and can be used with individuals who struggle to imagine
scenes realistically.
Paradoxical Theory of Change - Gestalt theoretical position that states that change occurs
when someone becomes who they are, not who they are not.
Adlerian Therapy - A positive view of human nature is stressed. Humans are motivated by
social interest, by striving towards goals, and by dealing with the tasks of life. This approach
emphasizes the individuals positive capacities to live in society cooperatively.
Goals of Adlerian Therapy - To challenge clients' basic premises and life goals. To offer
encouragement so they can develop socially useful goals. To change faulty motivation and help
them feel equal to others.
Therapeutic Communities - Highly structured daily routines, a system of rewards and
punishments, and frequent group confrontation are characteristics of?
Referral means - assisting a client to utilize the support systems and community
resources available
Synergistic effects - are a problem associate with consuming alcohol and valium together.
Ethnocentrism - Is the belief that one's own culture is superior to others.
Moral Model of Addiction - excessive use of alcohol is a result of personal choice and
therefore should be punished is consistent with what model of addiction?
A common problem for beginning counselors - Failing to identify an approach that is
appropriate to the client
