Advanced Pharmacology Exam
1 EXAM COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 100% PASS
Prescription writing: required pt and prescriber info -
ANSWER-Patient's name and full address
Date of prescription
Prescriber's full name, address, and phone number
Prescriber's DEA # if controlled substance
Prescription writing: required drug info - ANSWER-Name
(don't abbreviate)
Strength and vehicle
Dosage
Route of administration
Directions (Sig) for taking the med: frequency, timing,
details specific to drug
Amount to be dispensed
Refills
,Critical Rx Information? - ANSWER-DAW vs generic, refill
#, dose form, length of therapy/quantity, pt Ax, date of Rx,
route, signature, DEA #
"Rational" Prescribing Process, WHO - ANSWER-Choose
a rational treatment
Selection of P-drugs (Personal drugs)
Treating the pt (select, Rx, monitor)
Keeping up-to-date
What are P-drugs? - ANSWER-P(ersonal) drugs - those
that you are going to prescribe regularly and with which
you become familiar
Steps of Rational Prescribing - ANSWER-Define the pt's
problem
Specify the therapeutic objective
Choose Tx
Verify: efficacy, safety, suitability, cost
Start Tx (write a clear Rx)
Educate! Give inform instructions, warnings
Monitor treatment
What is DAW in prescribing? - ANSWER-Dispense as
written
"Rights" of a prescription - ANSWER-Patient
Medication
Dose
Route
,Dose schedule
Does this make sense for this drug, patient, situation?
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER-How the body affects a drug
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER-How a drug affects the
body - effects that occur at the cellular and systemic levels
Pharmacogenomics - ANSWER-General study of how
one's individual genetic variation affects drug behavior
Four components of pharmacokinetics - ANSWER-ADME
- absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Absorption - ANSWER-How (well) does the body uptake
the drug?
Distribution - ANSWER-Transportation of the drug to the
site of action
How (well) is the drug carried to the site of action?
Elimination - ANSWER-How (well) is the drug cleared from
the body?
All types of absorption are affected by... - ANSWER-Drug
properties (molecular weight, lipid solubility) pKa, drug
formulation, disintegration time, dissolution rate)
Enteral Absorption - GI tract - affected by? (4 things) -
ANSWER-Blood flow to area of absorption
First pass effect
, Cellular membrane permeability (passive vs. active)
GI motility (absence/presence of food in stomach, other
drugs)
Parenteral Absorption - affected by? (2 things) -
ANSWER-Blood flow to area of absorption
Cell membrane permeability (passive vs. active transport)
Bioavailability - ANSWER-Percentage of a drug that
reaches the systemic circulation
Ex: IV route = 100% bioavailability
First pass effect - ANSWER-PO drug that is absorbed in
the GI tract and metabolized via liver before reaching
systemic circulation
Distribution is dependent upon... (3 things) - ANSWER-
Route of administration
Blood flow
Solubility of drug (lipid/water)
In what forms can the drug circulate?
In what form can a drug affect the body? What is that
dependent on? - ANSWER-Can be free, bound to protein,
or stored in tissue in equilibrium
Only unbound/free drug can exert effect on body
Percentage of free drug in circulation is dependent on... -
ANSWER-specific drug properties and patient factors
(nutritional status, renal function, albumin levels, etc)
1 EXAM COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 100% PASS
Prescription writing: required pt and prescriber info -
ANSWER-Patient's name and full address
Date of prescription
Prescriber's full name, address, and phone number
Prescriber's DEA # if controlled substance
Prescription writing: required drug info - ANSWER-Name
(don't abbreviate)
Strength and vehicle
Dosage
Route of administration
Directions (Sig) for taking the med: frequency, timing,
details specific to drug
Amount to be dispensed
Refills
,Critical Rx Information? - ANSWER-DAW vs generic, refill
#, dose form, length of therapy/quantity, pt Ax, date of Rx,
route, signature, DEA #
"Rational" Prescribing Process, WHO - ANSWER-Choose
a rational treatment
Selection of P-drugs (Personal drugs)
Treating the pt (select, Rx, monitor)
Keeping up-to-date
What are P-drugs? - ANSWER-P(ersonal) drugs - those
that you are going to prescribe regularly and with which
you become familiar
Steps of Rational Prescribing - ANSWER-Define the pt's
problem
Specify the therapeutic objective
Choose Tx
Verify: efficacy, safety, suitability, cost
Start Tx (write a clear Rx)
Educate! Give inform instructions, warnings
Monitor treatment
What is DAW in prescribing? - ANSWER-Dispense as
written
"Rights" of a prescription - ANSWER-Patient
Medication
Dose
Route
,Dose schedule
Does this make sense for this drug, patient, situation?
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER-How the body affects a drug
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER-How a drug affects the
body - effects that occur at the cellular and systemic levels
Pharmacogenomics - ANSWER-General study of how
one's individual genetic variation affects drug behavior
Four components of pharmacokinetics - ANSWER-ADME
- absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Absorption - ANSWER-How (well) does the body uptake
the drug?
Distribution - ANSWER-Transportation of the drug to the
site of action
How (well) is the drug carried to the site of action?
Elimination - ANSWER-How (well) is the drug cleared from
the body?
All types of absorption are affected by... - ANSWER-Drug
properties (molecular weight, lipid solubility) pKa, drug
formulation, disintegration time, dissolution rate)
Enteral Absorption - GI tract - affected by? (4 things) -
ANSWER-Blood flow to area of absorption
First pass effect
, Cellular membrane permeability (passive vs. active)
GI motility (absence/presence of food in stomach, other
drugs)
Parenteral Absorption - affected by? (2 things) -
ANSWER-Blood flow to area of absorption
Cell membrane permeability (passive vs. active transport)
Bioavailability - ANSWER-Percentage of a drug that
reaches the systemic circulation
Ex: IV route = 100% bioavailability
First pass effect - ANSWER-PO drug that is absorbed in
the GI tract and metabolized via liver before reaching
systemic circulation
Distribution is dependent upon... (3 things) - ANSWER-
Route of administration
Blood flow
Solubility of drug (lipid/water)
In what forms can the drug circulate?
In what form can a drug affect the body? What is that
dependent on? - ANSWER-Can be free, bound to protein,
or stored in tissue in equilibrium
Only unbound/free drug can exert effect on body
Percentage of free drug in circulation is dependent on... -
ANSWER-specific drug properties and patient factors
(nutritional status, renal function, albumin levels, etc)
