AQA_2024: AS History - Religious Conflict and the Church in England, c1529–c1570 Component 2D: The Break with Rome, c1529–1547 (Merged Question Paper and Marking Scheme)

AQA_2024: AS History - Religious Conflict and the Church in England, c1529–c1570 Component 2D: The Break with Rome, c1529–1547 (Merged Question Paper and Marking Scheme) AS HISTORY Religious conflict and the Church in England, c1529–c1570 Component 2D The break with Rome, c1529–1547 Monday 20 May 2024 Afternoon Materials For this paper you must have:  an AQA 16-page answer book. Instructions Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes  Use black ink or black ball-point pen.  Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is 7041/2D.  Answer two questions. In Section A answer Question 01. In Section B answer either Question 02 or Question 03. Information  The marks for questions are shown in brackets.  The maximum mark for this paper is 50.  You will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. Advice  You are advised to spend about: – 50 minutes on Section A – 40 minutes on Section B. For AS History: Religious Conflict and the Church in England, c1529–c1570, Component 2D: The Break with Rome, c1529–1547, focus on the following key areas: 1. Context of the Break with Rome:  Henry VIII's Desire for a Male Heir: Understand the role of Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon, which failed to produce a male heir, and his desire for an annulment, which was pivotal in the break with Rome.  Papal Authority: The Pope’s refusal to annul Henry’s marriage led to Henry’s frustration with the Pope’s authority over English affairs. 2. Key Events Leading to the Break:  The King's Great Matter (1527–1533): The period when Henry VIII sought an annulment from Pope Clement VII. His failed attempts to secure an annulment and his growing frustration with papal authority were central to the break.  The Role of Thomas Cranmer: Thomas Cranmer, Henry’s Archbishop of Canterbury, supported the king’s desire for an annulment and played a crucial role in the eventual legal separation from Rome.  The Act in Restraint of Appeals (1533): Passed by Parliament, this act declared that England was an empire, meaning that English subjects could no longer appeal to the Pope in Rome. It marked a significant step towards the establishment of royal supremacy. 3. The Creation of the Church of England:  The Act of Supremacy (1534): This act declared Henry VIII as the Supreme Head of the Church of England, formally breaking with the Catholic Church. It was a key moment in the establishment of the English Church and royal authority over religious matters.  Dissolution of the Monasteries (1536–1541): Henry’s dissolution of the monasteries weakened Catholic influence in England, seizing monastic lands and wealth. This also led to significant social and religious changes in the country. 4. The Role of Key Figures:  Henry VIII: As the driving force behind the break, Henry’s decisions were influenced by his desire for a male heir and his belief in the supremacy of royal authority.  Thomas More and Bishop Fisher: Both figures resisted the break from Rome and were executed for their opposition to Henry’s reforms, highlighting the political and religious tension of the period. 5. Religious Reformation:  Doctrinal Changes: The break with Rome was followed by changes in church doctrine, though Henry was still fundamentally conservative in matters of doctrine, retaining many Catholic practices. The break was more about papal authority than deep theological change.  Opposition to Reform: Opposition to the religious changes came from traditionalists (e.g., Thomas More and John Fisher) and Catholic loyalists, who saw the break as an illegitimate attack on the authority of the Pope. 6. Political and Social Impacts:  Impact on Nobility and Clergy: The break altered the relationship between the crown and the church, with English clergy now answerable to the king. The dissolution of monasteries redistributed wealth and land, shifting the balance of power in English society.  Pilgrimage of Grace (1536): A significant rebellion in the north of England, largely motivated by opposition to the dissolution of monasteries and the religious reforms initiated by Henry, reflecting widespread discontent. 7041/2D IB/M/Jun24/G400A/E6 2 Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From a letter to Thomas Cromwell sent by Sir Richard Grenville, July 1539. Grenville was an MP in the Reformation Parliament and a landowner in Devon and Cornwall. I am one of the few men of this realm not to have some piece of this suppressed monastic land, either by purchase, or by gift of His Majesty. As God knows, I am as glad as any man that these haughty monks, who took away the glory of Christ, have been suppressed. They stole the wealth of this country and were spies for the devilish Bishop of Rome. Because of this I will gladly, if it might be the King’s pleasure, buy some of the suppressed land in these parts. I will send to the King evidence that I will pay. I am not acting out of greed but to be the same as others. 5 Source B From ‘A History of Exeter’ by John Hooker, a leading Exeter city councillor, written in the 1570s. As a child in 1536, he had witnessed the suppression of its monastery. The commissioners went to dinner and commanded that a man should pull down the rood loft in the Priory church of St Nicholas. In the meantime, certain women came in haste to the church to stop the suppression. Some had shovels, some pikes and some with such tools as they had to break down the church door. Finding the man in the church pulling down the rood loft, they hurled stones at him. When he sought refuge in the tower, they pursued him so eagerly that he was forced to jump out of a window. The women then fastened the doors and defended the church against the Mayor. Nevertheless, he broke in, arrested them and sent them to prison. 5 0 1 With reference to these sources and your understanding of the historical context, which of these two sources is more valuable in explaining reaction to the Dissolution of the Monasteries? [25 marks] IB/M/Jun24/7041/2D 3 Section B Answer either Question 02 or Question 03. Either 0 2 ‘By c1529, attacks on the behaviour of the clergy and the practices of the Church were the most serious challenges faced by the Church in England.’ Explain why you agree or disagree with this view. [25 marks] or 0 3 ‘By the end of 1536, Henry VIII had made a complete break with Rome and its teachings.’ Explain why you agree or disagree with this view. [25 marks] END OF QUESTIONS IB/M/Jun24/7041/2D 4