AQA_2024: AS History - The English Revolution, 1625–1660 Component 2E: The Origins of the English Civil War, 1625–1642 (Merged Question Paper and Marking Scheme)

AQA_2024: AS History - The English Revolution, 1625–1660 Component 2E: The Origins of the English Civil War, 1625–1642 (Merged Question Paper and Marking Scheme) AS HISTORY The English Revolution, 1625–1660 Component 2E The origins of the English Civil War, 1625–1642 Monday 20 May 2024 Materials For this paper you must have:  an AQA 16-page answer book. Instructions Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes  Use black ink or black ball-point pen.  Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is 7041/2E.  Answer two questions. In Section A answer Question 01. In Section B answer either Question 02 or Question 03. Information  The marks for questions are shown in brackets.  The maximum mark for this paper is 50.  You will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. Advice  You are advised to spend about: – 50 minutes on Section A – 40 minutes on Section B. For AS History: The English Revolution, 1625–1660, Component 2E: The Origins of the English Civil War, 1625–1642, focus on the following key areas: 1. Personal Rule of Charles I (1629–1640):  Charles I’s Beliefs: Understand Charles I’s belief in absolute monarchy and his attempt to rule without Parliament, starting with his Personal Rule from 1629. This led to significant friction with Parliament and resentment over his authority.  Financial Policies: Charles needed money but was unwilling to ask Parliament for funds. Instead, he raised taxes like Ship Money (tax for naval defense), which angered many, especially outside coastal areas.  Arminianism and Religious Policies: Charles and his Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud, promoted Arminianism, a more ritualistic form of Anglicanism, which alienated Puritans and others who favored a simpler, Protestant style of worship. 2. Parliamentary Opposition:  Parliament’s Dismissal: Charles attempted to govern without Parliament for 11 years, but this led to growing dissatisfaction. In 1640, he was forced to summon the Long Parliament due to financial needs and to address the Scottish Rebellion (Bishop's Wars).  Petitions and Grievances: Parliament used the opportunity to challenge Charles’ rule, demanding the abolition of unpopular policies and asserting its right to control finances and governance, marking the start of a more confrontational relationship. 3. The Bishops' Wars (1639–1640):  Scottish Rebellions: Charles’ attempt to impose the Book of Common Prayer in Scotland led to the Bishops' Wars (1639–1640), which ended in failure. This drained royal finances and forced Charles to recall Parliament to fund the war effort, leading to further conflicts between king and Parliament. 4. Key Parliamentary Acts:  Triennial Act (1641): In response to Charles’ rule without Parliament, the Triennial Act was passed, requiring Parliament to be called at least once every three years.  Grand Remonstrance (1641): Parliament presented the Grand Remonstrance, a list of grievances against Charles, which included charges about his handling of religion, finances, and governance. 5. Religious Tensions:  Religious Divisions: Religious conflict played a key role. Puritans feared that Charles’ religious policies would lead to the return of Catholicism. The Pride’s Purge and conflicts over reform further divided Parliament and the king. 6. The Irish Rebellion (1641):  Irish Rebellion: The outbreak of rebellion in Ireland in 1641, along with rumors that Charles would attempt to use Irish forces to suppress the English Parliament, intensified distrust between Charles and Parliament. 7. The Beginning of War:  The Militia Ordinance (1642): As tensions escalated, Parliament passed the Militia Ordinance to control the military. Charles attempted to arrest five members of Parliament in 1642, which led to a standoff and ultimately the outbreak of the Civil War. 7041/2E IB/M/Jun24/G4002/E3 2 Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From a book about the religious changes he had made by William Laud, 1639. This book was dedicated to Charles I, by whose authority Laud held office. Nothing has made men more wavering in their approach to religion than the lack of uniform and decent order in many of the churches across this kingdom. It is true that the inward worship of the heart is a great worship of God, but the external worship of God in His Church is the better witness to the world of our worship. To be clear with Your Majesty, it is these thoughts that have made me work for the decency and ordered settlement of the external worship of God in your churches. Uniformity cannot be achieved without some ceremonies, and the more ancient the ceremonies the better. Ceremonies are the fence that protects the dignity of religion. 5 Source B From a speech in the House of Commons by the Puritan, Harbottle Grimston, 1640. Grimston is commenting on William Laud’s role as Archbishop of Canterbury, 1633–1640. Look upon the Archbishop of Canterbury: Laud is the source of all the filth that has infected the State and the Church. He is the man, the only man, who has lifted up and promoted all those who, along with himself, have caused all the misery we now groan under. Who is it, but he only, who has brought Strafford to carry out his wicked and bloody designs in these Kingdoms? Who is it, but he only, who has promoted all popish bishops? The zeal of these bishops has been to persecute the Church. Who is it, but Archbishop Laud, who has guided these bishops and set them on this kingdom these last ten years? 5 0 1 With reference to these sources and your understanding of the historical context, which of these two sources is more valuable in explaining the impact of William Laud as Archbishop of Canterbury in the years 1633 to 1640? [25 marks] IB/M/Jun24/7041/2E 3 Section B Answer either Question 02 or Question 03. Either 0 2 ‘Foreign policy was the main cause of conflict between Crown and Parliament in the years 1625 to 1629.’ Explain why you agree or disagree with this view. [25 marks] or 0 3 ‘Pym was more responsible than Charles I for the development of a royalist party in England in the years 1640 to 1642.’ Explain why you agree or disagree with this view. [25 marks] END OF QUESTIONS IB/M/Jun24/7041/2E 4