AQA_2024: AS History - Industrialisation and the People: Britain, c1783–1885 Component 1F: The Impact of Industrialisation: Britain, c1783–1832 (Merged Question Paper and Marking Scheme)

AQA_2024: AS History - Industrialisation and the People: Britain, c1783–1885 Component 1F: The Impact of Industrialisation: Britain, c1783–1832 (Merged Question Paper and Marking Scheme) AS HISTORY Industrialisation and the people: Britain, c1783–1885 Component 1F The impact of industrialisation: Britain, c1783–1832 Wednesday 15 May 2024 Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes Materials For this paper you must have:  an AQA 16-page answer book. Instructions  Use black ink or black ball-point pen.  Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is 7041/1F.  Answer two questions. In Section A answer Question 01. In Section B answer either Question 02 or Question 03. Information  The marks for questions are shown in brackets.  The maximum mark for this paper is 50.  You will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. Advice  You are advised to spend about: – 50 minutes on Section A – 40 minutes on Section B. For AS History: Industrialisation and the People: Britain, c1783–1885, Component 1F: The Impact of Industrialisation: Britain, c1783–1832, focus on the following key areas: 1. The Early Stages of Industrialisation (1783–1832):  Technological Advances: Study key inventions such as the steam engine (James Watt) and improvements in textile machinery (Spinning Jenny, power loom) which revolutionized industries like cotton and iron.  Transportation: Focus on the development of canals, the railways, and improved road systems which facilitated the transport of goods and raw materials, enhancing industrial growth. 2. Social and Economic Changes:  Urbanisation: Understand the rise of industrial towns and cities as people moved from rural areas to work in factories. Study the growth of cities like Manchester and Liverpool, which became major industrial centers.  Factory Work: Examine the harsh working conditions in factories, including long hours, low wages, and the use of child labor. Understand the emergence of factory discipline and the growth of the working class.  Living Conditions: Study the impact of urbanization on housing, sanitation, and health. Focus on overcrowded, unsanitary slums where industrial workers lived. 3. Economic Impact:  Rise of Capitalism: Explore how industrialisation led to the rise of capitalist economies, focusing on the growth of factory owners and the changing nature of trade and commerce.  Agricultural Changes: Understand the link between industrialisation and agricultural changes, including the Enclosure Acts, which displaced rural laborers, pushing them towards industrial towns. 4. Political Changes:  Early Social Unrest: Study the early responses to industrialisation, including the Luddite Movement (workers protesting against machines) and the Peterloo Massacre (1819), which highlighted tensions between the working class and government.  Reform Movement: Focus on early political movements like Chartism and the push for electoral reforms, including the Reform Act of 1832, which marked the start of political change in response to industrialisation. 7. Key Themes:  Technological Innovation: Focus on how technological developments drove economic and social changes.  Social Unrest and Reform: Explore how industrialisation sparked social unrest and the first efforts at political and social reform.  Economic Transformation: Study the shift from an agrarian economy to an industrial one and the implications for social classes, economic structures, and political power. IB/M/Jun24/E4 7041/1F 2 Section A Answer Question 01. Extract A Radicalism in the years 1812 to 1832 was a political movement. The towns and villages hummed with political ideas. Gradually, the press began to assert more freedom and by the 1820s, trade union strength grew and Robert Owen’s ideas spread. By the years 1828 to 1832, with the final contest between corruption and reform, working people became more aware of their lowly place in the political system. Working people had a new view of society, which was, above all, a political view. They began to see their own lives as part of a conflict between the working classes and the unreformed House of Commons. Adapted from E Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class, 1968 5 Extract B Between 1812 and 1819, radicalism was firmly established in the cities and towns of the Midlands and the North. The great demonstrations of 1816 to 1819 showed a movement composed of men who were motivated by the trade depression. The ‘chilling hand of poverty’ had been felt in the manufacturing towns by the working men. They knew all too well that children were in rags and fathers were destitute. But the working men saw the solution to their economic problems in terms of an attack on aristocratic government. These ideas were to remain fundamental to working-class protests through the years to 1832. It was economic concerns that led working men to continue to attack political corruption. Adapted from T Tholfsen, Working Class Radicalism in Mid-Victorian England, 1976 5 0 1 With reference to these extracts and your understanding of the historical context, which of these two extracts provides the more convincing interpretation of the reasons for working-class protests in Britain in the years 1812