1
NBME 25
NBME 25 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
(2025/2026) GUARANTEED PASS
Cryptococcus neoformans treatment - ANS ✓Induction with amphotericin B and
flucytosine, maintenance with fluconazole (in AIDS patients)
narrow based budding yeast cells and bright red capsules with mucicarmine or
periodic acid schiff staining - ANS ✓cryptococcus neoformans
ragged red fibers - ANS ✓mitochondrial myopathies
mitochondrial myopathy s&s - ANS ✓proximal muscle weakness
ragged red fibers on muscle biopsy
FHz
mitochondrial crystalline in electron microscopy
muscle pain fatigue exercise intolerance increased CK
neuro- opthalmoplegia
seizures myoclonus peripheral neuropathy
mitochondrial myopathy - ANS ✓—rare disorders; often present with myopathy,
lactic acidosis, and CNS disease, eg, MELAS syndrome (mitochondrial
encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes). 2° to failure in
oxidative phosphorylation. Muscle biopsy often shows "ragged red fibers" (due to
accumulation of diseased mitochondria in the subsarcolemma of the muscle fiber).
sarcoplasmic reticular inclusion - ANS ✓sarcoplasmic body myopathy
Yellow Fever - ANS ✓acute self resolving syndrome
follow a course that includes an asymptomatic period while the infectious agent is
reproduced followd by a symptomatic period that peaks then improves with
resolution of the infection
pudendal nerve - ANS ✓Supplies sensation to external genitalia and perineum
(external hemorrhoids, below dentate line)
NBME 25
, 2
NBME 25
genitofemoral nerve - ANS ✓sensation to the anterior scrotum in male and the
anterior thigh
sensory and motor of cremastic reflex
ilioinguinal nerve - ANS ✓motor neuron -gluteus maximus
sacral splanchnic nerves - ANS ✓autonomic aspects of urinary GI and sexual organ
within the pelvis
which nerve is vulnerable to compression ad it courses around the bony pelvis? -
ANS ✓pudenedal
Call-Exner bodies - ANS ✓granulosa cell tumor
Dysgerminoma - ANS ✓LDH or hcg : Sheets of uniform cells.
Associated with Turner syndrome
serous adenocarcinoma - ANS ✓most common ovarian cancer in BRCA1 mutation
carriers
often present late
abdominal distention
psamoma bodies
IgA deficiency - ANS ✓Anaphylaxis following blood transfusion
Spigelian hernia - ANS ✓Rare hernia occurring between the transverse abdominis
and rectus muscles
uterosacral ligament - ANS ✓paired structure that extend bilaterally from the cervical
region to the sacrum helping to support the uterus in the pelvis
During a hysterectomy - ANS ✓uterosacral ligament must be remove
Lithium Carbonate can cause - ANS ✓nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
inhibition of cAMP -mediated process in collecting duct
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus - ANS ✓Impaired renal response to ADH
lithium impaired ability of the collecting tubule to reclaim free water by interfering with
the pathway of ADH
patients typically present with polydipsia polyuria hyperosmolar serum dilute urine
and failure to respond to desmopressin
NBME 25
, 3
NBME 25
pathophysiology of central DI - ANS ✓decrease ADH secretion
graft versus host disease - ANS ✓HLA- unrelated bone marrow transplant recipients
as a result of donor T lymphocytes recognizing and targeting recipient cells of GIT
skin and liver
Tx- medication that directly or indirectly prevent t lymphocyte proliferation activation
and function
Stratification - ANS ✓describe allocating subjects or results by a factor that is not
necessarily the treatment administered
groups may be stratified or subdivieded based on age gender profession ethnicity or
other demographic features
it is one method to control for confounding variables
Lung squamous cell carcinoma - ANS ✓- centrally located tumor w necrosis and
cavitation
- hypercalcemia
PTHrP
IL-1 activates - ANS ✓osteoclast
Osteoporosis bone - ANS ✓
multiple myeloma bone - ANS ✓
atelectasis - ANS ✓collapse and deflation of pulmonary alveoli rsulting in gas
exchange repaited
radiation pneumonitis is - ANS ✓potential sequela of radiotherapy for the treatment
of malignancy
fibrosis and contraction of lung tissure are characteristic of the later stages of
radiation penumonitis and can produce alveolar collapse and impaired gas exchange
- atelectasis
Contraction atelectasis - ANS ✓occurs when local or generalized fibrotic changes in
the lung or pleura prevent full expansion
left atrium is closed to the - ANS ✓esophagus
NBME 25
NBME 25
NBME 25 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
(2025/2026) GUARANTEED PASS
Cryptococcus neoformans treatment - ANS ✓Induction with amphotericin B and
flucytosine, maintenance with fluconazole (in AIDS patients)
narrow based budding yeast cells and bright red capsules with mucicarmine or
periodic acid schiff staining - ANS ✓cryptococcus neoformans
ragged red fibers - ANS ✓mitochondrial myopathies
mitochondrial myopathy s&s - ANS ✓proximal muscle weakness
ragged red fibers on muscle biopsy
FHz
mitochondrial crystalline in electron microscopy
muscle pain fatigue exercise intolerance increased CK
neuro- opthalmoplegia
seizures myoclonus peripheral neuropathy
mitochondrial myopathy - ANS ✓—rare disorders; often present with myopathy,
lactic acidosis, and CNS disease, eg, MELAS syndrome (mitochondrial
encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes). 2° to failure in
oxidative phosphorylation. Muscle biopsy often shows "ragged red fibers" (due to
accumulation of diseased mitochondria in the subsarcolemma of the muscle fiber).
sarcoplasmic reticular inclusion - ANS ✓sarcoplasmic body myopathy
Yellow Fever - ANS ✓acute self resolving syndrome
follow a course that includes an asymptomatic period while the infectious agent is
reproduced followd by a symptomatic period that peaks then improves with
resolution of the infection
pudendal nerve - ANS ✓Supplies sensation to external genitalia and perineum
(external hemorrhoids, below dentate line)
NBME 25
, 2
NBME 25
genitofemoral nerve - ANS ✓sensation to the anterior scrotum in male and the
anterior thigh
sensory and motor of cremastic reflex
ilioinguinal nerve - ANS ✓motor neuron -gluteus maximus
sacral splanchnic nerves - ANS ✓autonomic aspects of urinary GI and sexual organ
within the pelvis
which nerve is vulnerable to compression ad it courses around the bony pelvis? -
ANS ✓pudenedal
Call-Exner bodies - ANS ✓granulosa cell tumor
Dysgerminoma - ANS ✓LDH or hcg : Sheets of uniform cells.
Associated with Turner syndrome
serous adenocarcinoma - ANS ✓most common ovarian cancer in BRCA1 mutation
carriers
often present late
abdominal distention
psamoma bodies
IgA deficiency - ANS ✓Anaphylaxis following blood transfusion
Spigelian hernia - ANS ✓Rare hernia occurring between the transverse abdominis
and rectus muscles
uterosacral ligament - ANS ✓paired structure that extend bilaterally from the cervical
region to the sacrum helping to support the uterus in the pelvis
During a hysterectomy - ANS ✓uterosacral ligament must be remove
Lithium Carbonate can cause - ANS ✓nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
inhibition of cAMP -mediated process in collecting duct
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus - ANS ✓Impaired renal response to ADH
lithium impaired ability of the collecting tubule to reclaim free water by interfering with
the pathway of ADH
patients typically present with polydipsia polyuria hyperosmolar serum dilute urine
and failure to respond to desmopressin
NBME 25
, 3
NBME 25
pathophysiology of central DI - ANS ✓decrease ADH secretion
graft versus host disease - ANS ✓HLA- unrelated bone marrow transplant recipients
as a result of donor T lymphocytes recognizing and targeting recipient cells of GIT
skin and liver
Tx- medication that directly or indirectly prevent t lymphocyte proliferation activation
and function
Stratification - ANS ✓describe allocating subjects or results by a factor that is not
necessarily the treatment administered
groups may be stratified or subdivieded based on age gender profession ethnicity or
other demographic features
it is one method to control for confounding variables
Lung squamous cell carcinoma - ANS ✓- centrally located tumor w necrosis and
cavitation
- hypercalcemia
PTHrP
IL-1 activates - ANS ✓osteoclast
Osteoporosis bone - ANS ✓
multiple myeloma bone - ANS ✓
atelectasis - ANS ✓collapse and deflation of pulmonary alveoli rsulting in gas
exchange repaited
radiation pneumonitis is - ANS ✓potential sequela of radiotherapy for the treatment
of malignancy
fibrosis and contraction of lung tissure are characteristic of the later stages of
radiation penumonitis and can produce alveolar collapse and impaired gas exchange
- atelectasis
Contraction atelectasis - ANS ✓occurs when local or generalized fibrotic changes in
the lung or pleura prevent full expansion
left atrium is closed to the - ANS ✓esophagus
NBME 25
