AQA_2024: AS Chemistry - Paper 1 Inorganic and Physical Chemistry. (Merged Question Paper and Marking Scheme)

AQA_2024: AS Chemistry - Paper 1 Inorganic and Physical Chemistry. (Merged Question Paper and Marking Scheme) Please write clearly in block capitals. Centre number Surname Forename(s) Candidate signat ure Candidate number I declare this is my own work. AS CHEMISTRY Paper 1 Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Tuesday 14 May 2024 Materials For this paper you must have: Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes For Examiner’s Use  the Periodic Table/Data Sheet, provided as an insert (enclosed)  a ruler with millimetre measurements  a scientific calculator, which you are expected to use where appropriate. Instructions  Use black ink or black ball-point pen.  Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.  Answer all questions.  You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages.  If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of this book. Write the question number against your answer(s).  All working must be shown.  Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information  The marks for questions are shown in brackets.  The maximum mark for this paper is 80. Advice Question Mark 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Section B TOTAL You are advised to spend about 65 minutes on Section A and 25 minutes on Section B. For AS Chemistry Paper 1 (Inorganic and Physical Chemistry), focus on the following key areas: 1. Atomic Structure:  Subatomic Particles: Understand the properties of protons, neutrons, and electrons, and how they make up an atom.  Electron Configuration: Be able to write electron configurations for elements and ions, and explain Aufbau’s principle, Hund’s rule, and Pauli’s exclusion principle.  Isotopes: Understand the concept of isotopes and their significance in atomic mass and radioactivity. 2. Periodic Table and Trends:  Periodic Trends: Study the trends in atomic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity, and electron affinity across periods and down groups. Understand the reasons behind these trends.  Group 2 Elements (Alkaline Earth Metals): Know the trends in the physical and chemical properties of Group 2 elements, including reactions with water, oxygen, and acids.  Group 7 Elements (Halogens): Study the properties and reactions of halogens, including their displacement reactions with halide ions. 4. Quantitative Chemistry:  Mole Concept: Know the concept of the mole and Avogadro’s number. Be able to convert between moles, mass, and number of particles.  Molar Mass: Understand how to calculate molar masses and use this to calculate the amount of substance involved in chemical reactions.  Balancing Equations: Be able to balance chemical equations in terms of moles, mass, and charge conservation. 5. Thermodynamics:  Enthalpy Changes: Understand exothermic and endothermic reactions and how to calculate enthalpy changes from experimental data. Be familiar with Hess's Law and its application.  First Law of Thermodynamics: Know the principle of energy conservation and how it applies to chemical reactions.  Entropy: Study the concept of entropy and how it affects the spontaneity of reactions. Understand the second law of thermodynamics. 6. Kinetics:  Factors Affecting Rate of Reaction: Understand how factors like temperature, concentration, surface area, and catalysts affect the rate of chemical reactions.  Activation Energy: Know the concept of activation energy and how it influences the rate of reaction. Study collision theory and the Arrhenius equation. 7. Equilibria:  Dynamic Equilibrium: Understand the concept of dynamic equilibrium and how it applies to reversible reactions. Study Le Chatelier’s Principle and how changes in concentration, temperature, and pressure affect equilibrium position. 7404/1 IB/M/Jun24/G4001/V7 2 Do not write outside the box Section A IB/M/Jun24/7404/1 Answer all questions in this section. A student does a series of reactions with aqueous solutions of some potassium halides (P, Q and R) of equal concentration. Each solution contains a different halide ion (chloride, bromide or iodide). The student adds 3 drops of bromine water to 3 drops of each aqueous solution of potassium halide. The student also adds 3 drops of the bromine water to 3 drops of water. Table 1 shows the student’s observations. Table 1 Observation when 3 drops of bromine water are added Solution P Orange solution Solution Q Brown solution Solution R Orange solution Water Orange solution 0 1 . 1 Identify the halide ion present in Q. Give the ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when bromine water is added to Q. [2 marks] Halide ion in Q Ionic equation 0 1 3 Do not write outside the box IB/M/Jun24/7404/1 7 0 1 . 2 Explain, in terms of oxidising ability, why the observations from these reactions do not allow the student to identify the halide ion present in P and the halide ion present in R. [2 marks] 0 1 . 3 The student does a second experiment to determine the halide ion in each of P and R. The student adds a few drops of aqueous silver nitrate solution to 2 cm3 of each potassium halide solution. Table 2 shows the student’s observations. Table 2 Student’s Observation P Precipitate formed R Precipitate formed Describe a further chemical test that the student can complete on the precipitates formed to identify the halide ion present in P and the halide ion present in R. Describe how the observations from this test can be used to identify the halide ion present in P and the halide ion present in R. [3 marks] Turn over for the next question Turn over ► 4 Do not write outside the box IB/M/Jun24/7404/1 7 0 2 . 1 Explain why the third ionisation energy of beryllium is much higher than the second ionisation energy of beryllium. [3 marks] 0 2 . 2 Magnesium reacts slowly with cold water but rapidly with steam. Compare these reactions, in terms of the products formed. You should identify one similarity in, and one difference between, these reactions. [2 marks] Similarity Difference 0 2 . 3 The reaction of calcium with water is a redox reaction. Explain, in terms of oxidation states, why this reaction involves both oxidation and reduction. [2 marks] 0 2 This question is about the elements in Group 2. 5 Do not write outside the box Turn over for the next question IB/M/Jun24/7404/1 DO NOT WRITE ON THI