Systematic Approach: 300+ Q&A for Radiology &
Sonography Exam Prep!
1. Liver (Chapter 2: Liver)
Question:
When assessing liver echogenicity, the liver is typically compared to
which organ?
A) Spleen
B) Kidneys
C) Pancreas
D) Gallbladder
Answer: B) Kidneys
Rationale: The liver is normally isoechoic to slightly hyperechoic
relative to the renal cortex. The spleen is more hypoechoic compared to
the liver (Thieme, Chapter 2: Liver).
2. Porta Hepatis (Chapter 2: Liver)
Question:
Which structure is best evaluated in the porta hepatis during an
ultrasound?
A) Hepatic artery
B) Portal vein
C) Common bile duct
D) Inferior vena cava
Answer: B) Portal vein
Rationale: The portal vein is the dominant structure in the porta hepatis
and is critical for assessing hepatic blood flow (Thieme, Chapter 2:
Liver).
,3. Gallbladder (Chapter 3: Gallbladder)
Question:
A patient presents with RUQ pain. Ultrasound shows a gallbladder wall
thickness of 5 mm and pericholecystic fluid. What is the diagnosis?
A) Chronic cholecystitis
B) Acute cholecystitis
C) Gallbladder carcinoma
D) Adenomyomatosis
Answer: B) Acute cholecystitis
Rationale: Wall thickening (>3 mm) and pericholecystic fluid are
hallmark signs of acute cholecystitis (Thieme, Chapter 3: Gallbladder).
4. Pancreas (Chapter 4: Pancreas)
Question:
Which technique improves pancreatic visualization in obese patients?
A) High-frequency transducer
B) Low-frequency transducer
C) Upright patient positioning
D) Harmonic imaging
Answer: B) Low-frequency transducer
Rationale: Low-frequency transducers (2–5 MHz) enhance penetration
in obese patients (Thieme, Chapter 4: Pancreas).
5. Stomach, Duodenum, Diaphragm (Chapter 5: Gastrointestinal
Tract)
Question:
The diaphragm appears sonographically as:
, A) A hypoechoic stripe
B) A hyperechoic line with shadowing
C) A heterogeneous structure
D) A hypoechoic band with reverberation
Answer: B) A hyperechoic line with shadowing
Rationale: The diaphragm is visualized as a bright, hyperechoic line with
posterior acoustic shadowing (Thieme, Chapter 5: Gastrointestinal
Tract).
6. Spleen (Chapter 6: Spleen)
Question:
What is the normal maximum longitudinal spleen measurement in
adults?
A) 8 cm
B) 10 cm
C) 13 cm
D) 15 cm
Answer: C) 13 cm
Rationale: The spleen should not exceed 13 cm in length (Thieme,
Chapter 6: Spleen).
7. Kidneys (Chapter 7: Kidneys)
Question:
A hyperechoic renal focus with posterior shadowing is most consistent
with:
A) Renal cyst
B) Nephrolithiasis
C) Angiomyolipoma
D) Renal cell carcinoma