LOUISIANA HORTICULTURE EXAM SCRIPT 2025/2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔temperature that woody ornamentals can be damaged because their rootballs aren't
insulated - ✔✔18-24 degrees
✔✔planting procedure - ✔✔1. dig planting hole 2x size of rootball
2. set plant no deeper than in pot
3. on b&b remove 1/3 of wire and burlap
4. on container stock, loosen rootball
5. backfill with soil removed
6. water while filling in
7. make saucer around trunk
8. install 3" of mulch extending 2-3' beyond canopy
9. fertilize
✔✔ornamental tree fertilization rate - ✔✔3-6 lbs N per 1,000 sq ft
✔✔ground cover & shrubs fertilization rate - ✔✔2 lbs N per 1,000 sq ft
✔✔annual bedding and herbaceous perennial fert rate - ✔✔1 lb N per 1000 sq ft
✔✔auxin - ✔✔hormone that directs growth of buds
✔✔chief factors of interior plant growth - ✔✔light, temp, water, fert, media
✔✔house plants propagated from seeds - ✔✔schefflera, false aralia, philodendron,
plam, cacti, succulent
✔✔house plants propagated from spores - ✔✔ferns, maidenhair, birds nest
✔✔sori - ✔✔spores produces under fern fronds
✔✔Two types of metamorphosis - ✔✔gradual and complete
✔✔instar - ✔✔developmental stage
✔✔stadium - ✔✔time between instars
✔✔non-pathogenic plant diseases - ✔✔1. nutrient deficiencies
2. lack of or excess soil moisture
3. too low or high temps
4. air pollution
5. soil pH
, 6. hardpans
7. chemical injury
✔✔three factors of a pathogenic disease - ✔✔susceptible host, parasitic organism,
environmental conditions
✔✔four groups of plant parasitic organisms - ✔✔fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes
✔✔parasite - ✔✔an organism that feeds on a living host
✔✔Are all fungi bad - ✔✔no
✔✔Saprophyte - ✔✔beneficial fungi
✔✔methods of penetration of plant tissue - ✔✔direct, through stomates, through
wounds
✔✔factors necessary for infection - ✔✔moisture, temp, stage of plant growth
✔✔how do bacteria reproduce? - ✔✔simple cell division
✔✔chlorosis - ✔✔yellowing of leaves
✔✔damping-off - ✔✔destruction of seedling near soil line; seedling collapses on the soil
surface
✔✔necrotic - ✔✔dead or discolored
✔✔steps to successful pest management - ✔✔1. prevention
2. early detection
3. correct id of pest
4. proper selection of control material
5. correct water pH
6. correct application method
✔✔three methods of pest prevention without spraying - ✔✔early planting, basic barriers,
black light traps
✔✔three methods of pest prevention mechanically - ✔✔early removal of vegetation,
early planting, companion planting
✔✔beneficial insects - ✔✔lady beetle, praying mantis, green lacewig, syrphidfly larvae,
assassin bug, ground beetle
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔temperature that woody ornamentals can be damaged because their rootballs aren't
insulated - ✔✔18-24 degrees
✔✔planting procedure - ✔✔1. dig planting hole 2x size of rootball
2. set plant no deeper than in pot
3. on b&b remove 1/3 of wire and burlap
4. on container stock, loosen rootball
5. backfill with soil removed
6. water while filling in
7. make saucer around trunk
8. install 3" of mulch extending 2-3' beyond canopy
9. fertilize
✔✔ornamental tree fertilization rate - ✔✔3-6 lbs N per 1,000 sq ft
✔✔ground cover & shrubs fertilization rate - ✔✔2 lbs N per 1,000 sq ft
✔✔annual bedding and herbaceous perennial fert rate - ✔✔1 lb N per 1000 sq ft
✔✔auxin - ✔✔hormone that directs growth of buds
✔✔chief factors of interior plant growth - ✔✔light, temp, water, fert, media
✔✔house plants propagated from seeds - ✔✔schefflera, false aralia, philodendron,
plam, cacti, succulent
✔✔house plants propagated from spores - ✔✔ferns, maidenhair, birds nest
✔✔sori - ✔✔spores produces under fern fronds
✔✔Two types of metamorphosis - ✔✔gradual and complete
✔✔instar - ✔✔developmental stage
✔✔stadium - ✔✔time between instars
✔✔non-pathogenic plant diseases - ✔✔1. nutrient deficiencies
2. lack of or excess soil moisture
3. too low or high temps
4. air pollution
5. soil pH
, 6. hardpans
7. chemical injury
✔✔three factors of a pathogenic disease - ✔✔susceptible host, parasitic organism,
environmental conditions
✔✔four groups of plant parasitic organisms - ✔✔fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes
✔✔parasite - ✔✔an organism that feeds on a living host
✔✔Are all fungi bad - ✔✔no
✔✔Saprophyte - ✔✔beneficial fungi
✔✔methods of penetration of plant tissue - ✔✔direct, through stomates, through
wounds
✔✔factors necessary for infection - ✔✔moisture, temp, stage of plant growth
✔✔how do bacteria reproduce? - ✔✔simple cell division
✔✔chlorosis - ✔✔yellowing of leaves
✔✔damping-off - ✔✔destruction of seedling near soil line; seedling collapses on the soil
surface
✔✔necrotic - ✔✔dead or discolored
✔✔steps to successful pest management - ✔✔1. prevention
2. early detection
3. correct id of pest
4. proper selection of control material
5. correct water pH
6. correct application method
✔✔three methods of pest prevention without spraying - ✔✔early planting, basic barriers,
black light traps
✔✔three methods of pest prevention mechanically - ✔✔early removal of vegetation,
early planting, companion planting
✔✔beneficial insects - ✔✔lady beetle, praying mantis, green lacewig, syrphidfly larvae,
assassin bug, ground beetle
