Pathophysiology Week 2 and 3 Quiz Revision
Test Fully Solved.
Which is most frequently affected by chronic alcohol (ethanol) injury? - Answer Liver
Alcohol directly affects the cells in the liver and brain. With chronic alcohol ingestion a patient is
more likely to have dimished liver function due to cirrhosis. The stomach, heart, and kidneys can
be affected, but this is usually the result of poor liver function.
If an ovum has chromosomal nondisjunction, which conditions(s) could result in the embryo? -
Answer Monosmies and Trisomies
Nondisjunction, or failure of a chromosome to separate during meiosis, results in an ovum with
two copies of the chromosome and an ovum with no copies of the chromosome. When these
ova encounter a male gamete (sperm), the resulting embryo will have either an extra copy of
the chromosome (trisomy) or one copy of the chromosome (monosomy).
A couple has two offspring; one child has an autosomal recessive disease trait and one is
normal. What most likely conclusions can the nurse make about the parents? - Answer Both
parents could be carriers
In most cases, both parents are carriers, although in rare cases, one or both may express the
disease.
The nurse is caring for a new mother who just gave birth to a baby with Down syndrome. The
nurse explains that this syndrome is a result of trisomy with which chromosome? - Answer 21
The karyotype of an individual with Down syndrome shows trisomy 21.
When a patient has an extreme laceration (laceration with a flap), which medical term should
the nurse document on the chart? - Answer An Avulsion
An extreme laceration in which a wide area of tissue is torn is called an avulsion.
, Which statement by a nursing student indicates the need for further teaching? Free radical
injury can be caused by: - Answer Tissue Damage by Antioxidants
Oxidative stress or free radical injury occurs when excess ROS overwhelms endogenous
antioxidant systems. The antioxidants try to prevent free radical injury.
When teaching staff Tay-Sachs disease, which information should the nurse include? Tay-Sachs
disease results in the accumulation of: - Answer Lipids in the Nerve Cells of the Brain
Tay-Sachs disease is a metabolic disorder in which an abnormal accumulation of a particular
lipid in the nerve cells in the brain causes progressive neurological deterioration. It is not the
result of protein in the kidneys, calcium in the liver, or a build up of uric acid in the myocardium.
If a patient has liquefactive necrosis, which organ should the nurse assess first? - Answer Brain
Hypoxic injury to the brain results in liquefactive necrosis because the central nervous system
contains little connective tissue.
Which of the following statements by a clinician about mutations is correct? - Answer Mutations
are alterations in a normal DNA sequence
If a patient has Gaucher disease, which of the following organ(s) should the nurse monitor? -
Answer All of the above (Liver, Spleen, CNS/Brain)
Gaucher disease is caused by the accumulation of a fatty substance called glucocerebroside in
the spleen, liver, and CNS. It also affects the lungs and brain.
A nurse recalls that adaptive cellular mechanisms function to: - Answer Protect cells from injury
Adaptive cellular mechanisms actually help cells adjust to environmental changes, thereby
protecting them from injury and death. Aging is a complex physiologic process that occurs
despite cellular adaptations. Cellular adaptations help prevent, rather than speed up cell death.
Exogenous therapies, such as medications and surgery, are used to treat disease.
Test Fully Solved.
Which is most frequently affected by chronic alcohol (ethanol) injury? - Answer Liver
Alcohol directly affects the cells in the liver and brain. With chronic alcohol ingestion a patient is
more likely to have dimished liver function due to cirrhosis. The stomach, heart, and kidneys can
be affected, but this is usually the result of poor liver function.
If an ovum has chromosomal nondisjunction, which conditions(s) could result in the embryo? -
Answer Monosmies and Trisomies
Nondisjunction, or failure of a chromosome to separate during meiosis, results in an ovum with
two copies of the chromosome and an ovum with no copies of the chromosome. When these
ova encounter a male gamete (sperm), the resulting embryo will have either an extra copy of
the chromosome (trisomy) or one copy of the chromosome (monosomy).
A couple has two offspring; one child has an autosomal recessive disease trait and one is
normal. What most likely conclusions can the nurse make about the parents? - Answer Both
parents could be carriers
In most cases, both parents are carriers, although in rare cases, one or both may express the
disease.
The nurse is caring for a new mother who just gave birth to a baby with Down syndrome. The
nurse explains that this syndrome is a result of trisomy with which chromosome? - Answer 21
The karyotype of an individual with Down syndrome shows trisomy 21.
When a patient has an extreme laceration (laceration with a flap), which medical term should
the nurse document on the chart? - Answer An Avulsion
An extreme laceration in which a wide area of tissue is torn is called an avulsion.
, Which statement by a nursing student indicates the need for further teaching? Free radical
injury can be caused by: - Answer Tissue Damage by Antioxidants
Oxidative stress or free radical injury occurs when excess ROS overwhelms endogenous
antioxidant systems. The antioxidants try to prevent free radical injury.
When teaching staff Tay-Sachs disease, which information should the nurse include? Tay-Sachs
disease results in the accumulation of: - Answer Lipids in the Nerve Cells of the Brain
Tay-Sachs disease is a metabolic disorder in which an abnormal accumulation of a particular
lipid in the nerve cells in the brain causes progressive neurological deterioration. It is not the
result of protein in the kidneys, calcium in the liver, or a build up of uric acid in the myocardium.
If a patient has liquefactive necrosis, which organ should the nurse assess first? - Answer Brain
Hypoxic injury to the brain results in liquefactive necrosis because the central nervous system
contains little connective tissue.
Which of the following statements by a clinician about mutations is correct? - Answer Mutations
are alterations in a normal DNA sequence
If a patient has Gaucher disease, which of the following organ(s) should the nurse monitor? -
Answer All of the above (Liver, Spleen, CNS/Brain)
Gaucher disease is caused by the accumulation of a fatty substance called glucocerebroside in
the spleen, liver, and CNS. It also affects the lungs and brain.
A nurse recalls that adaptive cellular mechanisms function to: - Answer Protect cells from injury
Adaptive cellular mechanisms actually help cells adjust to environmental changes, thereby
protecting them from injury and death. Aging is a complex physiologic process that occurs
despite cellular adaptations. Cellular adaptations help prevent, rather than speed up cell death.
Exogenous therapies, such as medications and surgery, are used to treat disease.
