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Chapterg02:gGravitationgandgthegMotiongofgthegPlanet
s
1. Asgfargasgisgknown,gthegfirstgpersongwhogclaimedgthatgnaturalgphenomenagcouldgbegdescribedgbygmathemati
csgwas
a. Copernicus.
b. Pythagoras.
c. Aristotle.
d. Ptolemy.
ANSWER:g b
2. Theggroundworkgforgmoderngsciencegwasglaidgbygthegfirstginvestigatorsgwhogusedgmathematicsgtogdescrib
egnaturalgphenomena.gThesegwere
a. thegBabylonians,gaboutg1800gB.C.
b. thegIonians,gaboutg600gB.C.
c. thegPythagoreans,gaboutg550gB.C.
d. Ptolemygandghisgassociates,gaboutg150gA.D.
ANSWER:g c
3. ThegancientgGreekgthinkergPythagorasgheldgthegviewgthat
a. trianglesgdognotgexist.
b. naturalgphenomenagaregwonderfulgtogwatchgbutgcannotgbegdescribedgbygmathematics.
c. thegSungisgatgthegcentergofgthegplanetarygsystem.
d. naturalgphenomenagcangbegdescribedgmathematically.
ANSWER:g d
4. WhatgdistinguishedgthegPythagoreansgfromgthegnaturalgphilosophygofgtheginvestigatorsgwhogcamegbeforegthem
?
a. TheyguncoveredgthegscientificgwritingsgofgthegBabylonians.
b. Theyginventedgagcrudegtelescope.
c. Theygattemptedgtogmakegmathematicalgmodelsgofgphysicalgphenomena.
d. Throughgtradegroutes,gtheyghadgbeengexposedgtogthegphilosophygofgthegancientgorient.
ANSWER:g c
5. IngancientgGreece,gthegphilosophergAristotlegputgforthgthegideagthat
a. theguniversegisggovernedgbygregularglaws.
b. thegSungisgthegcentergofgthegsolargsystem.
c. Earthgisgonlygonegofghundredsgofgplanetsgscatteredgthroughoutgtheggalaxy.
d. gravitationgkeepsgthegplanetsgingtheirgorbits.
ANSWER:g a
6. AgmajorgthemegofgancientgGreekgphilosophygwasgthatgstarsgandgplanetsgingthegsky
a. followedgpatternsgthatgcouldgbegdescribedglogically.
b. couldgbegcontrolledgbygthegthoughtsgandgactionsgofghumans.
c. weregatgthegmercygofggodsgandgspirits,gandgthegbehaviorgofgthesegobjectsgdependedgongtheirgwhims.
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Chapterg02:gGravitationgandgthegMotiongofgthegPlanet
s
d. behavedgchaotically,gandgtheirgfuturegbehaviorgwasgtotallygunpredictable.
ANSWER:g a
7. ThegfirstgpersongtogrealizegthatgthegforcegholdinggusgontogEarthgisgthegsamegforcegthatgholdsgthegsolargsyste
mgtogethergwasgapparently
a. Plato.
b. Aristotle.
c. Newton.
d. Einstein.
ANSWER:g c
8. Thegintellectualgfoundationgofgsciencegis
a. observation,gfaith,gandgacceptance.
b. rejectiongofgallgobservationsgthatgdisagreegwithgtheory.
c. logicalgderivationgentirelygfromgfundamentalgprinciples.
d. observation,glogic,gandgskepticism.
ANSWER:g d
9. Agscientistgobservesgagnewgphenomenongthatgdisagreesgwithghisgexplanationgorghypothesis.gFollowinggth
egscientificgmethod,ghegshould
a. discardgthegobservationgasgerroneous.
b. modifyghisghypothesis.
c. waitguntilgsomeonegdevelopsgangadequategexplanationgbeforegannouncingghisgobservation.
d. rejectgthosegobservationsgthatgdognotgagreegwithgthegtheory.
ANSWER:g b
10. Ingscience,gifgnewgandgreliablegobservationsgdisagreegwithgagwell-establishedgtheory,gthengthe
a. observationsgshouldgbegclassifiedgforgfuturegreferencegandgthegtheorygretainedgasgthegbestgexplanatio
ngofgthegphenomenon.
b. observationsgmustgbegdiscarded.
c. theorygmustgbegdiscarded.
d. theorygmustgbegmodifiedgtogaccountgforgthegobservations,gandgifgthisgisgnotgpossible,gthengthegtheor
ygmustgbegdiscarded.
ANSWER:g d
11. Ingscience,gifgnewgandgreliablegobservationsgdisagreegwithgagparticulargtheory,gthengthe
a. observationsgmustgbegdiscarded.
b. theorygmustgbegmodified.
c. thegobservationsgandgthegtheorygshouldgbothgbegretained.
d. theorygmustgbegdiscarded.
ANSWER:g b
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Chapterg02:gGravitationgandgthegMotiongofgthegPlanet
s
12. Thegscientificgmethodgisgagmajorgforcegingscience,gandgtheoriesgdescribinggphysicalgphenomenaghavegbee
ngdevelopedgwithgthegaimgofgensuringgthat
a. theygagreegwithgwhatgwegfindgingexperimentsgandgobservations.
b. resultsgfromgexperimentsgcangbegadjustedgtogagreegwithgcarefullygconstructedgtheoreticalgideals.
c. theygagreegwithgthegwisdomgofgthegancients.
d. theygaregsoggoodgandgourgfaithgingthemgisgsogstronggthatgwegnevergneedgtogtestgthemgagain
stgobservations.
ANSWER:g a
13. WhichgonegofgthesegisgNOTgpartgofgthegscientificgmethod?
a. makegangobservationgorgdogangexperiment
b. analyzegresults
c. determinegconsistencegwithgrecognizedgauthorities
d. choosegthegsimplestgexistinggtheory
ANSWER:g c
14. WhichgonegofgthesegisgNOTgpartgofgthegscientificgmethod?
a. proposegagnewgexperiment
b. takegagformalgvotegatgagrecognizedginternationalgscientificgconference
c. modifygexistinggtheory
d. makegpredictions
ANSWER:g b
15. Ingfollowinggthegprinciplesgofgthegscientificgmethod,gagtheorygproposedgtogexplaingaggivengphenomenongmus
t
a. agreegwithgandgbuildgongpreviousgtheoriesgbutgneedgnotgexplaingallgobservationsgbecausegsomegofgt
hegobservationsgmaygbegerroneous.
b. predictgnewgandgdifferentgexperimentsgthatgwillgextendgthegscopegofgthegtheoreticalgunderstandinggb
utgneedgnotgexplaingallgthegpreviousgobservationsgbecausegnogtheorygisgexpectedgtogexplaingeverythi
nggcompletely.
c. explaingallgpreviousgreliablegobservationsgingagconsistentgmannergbutgneedgnotgsuggestgnewgtestsgf
orgthegtheorygbecausegagtheorygshouldgbegcompletegingitself.
d. explaingallgknowngreliablegobservationsgandgpredictgnewgexperimentsgandgobservations.
ANSWER:g d
16. Accordinggtogthegscientificgmethod,gaghypothesisgthatgisgproposedgtogexplaingagparticulargphysic
algphenomenongisgconsideredgtogbegwronggif
a. leadinggscientistsgingthegworldgbelievegthatgitgisgwrong.
b. itgdisagreesgwithgthegacceptedgtheorygatgthegtimegofgthegproposal.
c. itgappearsgtogdefyglogicgandglogicalgreasoning.
d. itgisgingconflictgwithgthegresultsgofgjustgonegreliablegandgrepeatablegobservation.
ANSWER:g d
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Name: Class: Date:
Chapterg02:gGravitationgandgthegMotiongofgthegPlanet
s
1. Asgfargasgisgknown,gthegfirstgpersongwhogclaimedgthatgnaturalgphenomenagcouldgbegdescribedgbygmathemati
csgwas
a. Copernicus.
b. Pythagoras.
c. Aristotle.
d. Ptolemy.
ANSWER:g b
2. Theggroundworkgforgmoderngsciencegwasglaidgbygthegfirstginvestigatorsgwhogusedgmathematicsgtogdescrib
egnaturalgphenomena.gThesegwere
a. thegBabylonians,gaboutg1800gB.C.
b. thegIonians,gaboutg600gB.C.
c. thegPythagoreans,gaboutg550gB.C.
d. Ptolemygandghisgassociates,gaboutg150gA.D.
ANSWER:g c
3. ThegancientgGreekgthinkergPythagorasgheldgthegviewgthat
a. trianglesgdognotgexist.
b. naturalgphenomenagaregwonderfulgtogwatchgbutgcannotgbegdescribedgbygmathematics.
c. thegSungisgatgthegcentergofgthegplanetarygsystem.
d. naturalgphenomenagcangbegdescribedgmathematically.
ANSWER:g d
4. WhatgdistinguishedgthegPythagoreansgfromgthegnaturalgphilosophygofgtheginvestigatorsgwhogcamegbeforegthem
?
a. TheyguncoveredgthegscientificgwritingsgofgthegBabylonians.
b. Theyginventedgagcrudegtelescope.
c. Theygattemptedgtogmakegmathematicalgmodelsgofgphysicalgphenomena.
d. Throughgtradegroutes,gtheyghadgbeengexposedgtogthegphilosophygofgthegancientgorient.
ANSWER:g c
5. IngancientgGreece,gthegphilosophergAristotlegputgforthgthegideagthat
a. theguniversegisggovernedgbygregularglaws.
b. thegSungisgthegcentergofgthegsolargsystem.
c. Earthgisgonlygonegofghundredsgofgplanetsgscatteredgthroughoutgtheggalaxy.
d. gravitationgkeepsgthegplanetsgingtheirgorbits.
ANSWER:g a
6. AgmajorgthemegofgancientgGreekgphilosophygwasgthatgstarsgandgplanetsgingthegsky
a. followedgpatternsgthatgcouldgbegdescribedglogically.
b. couldgbegcontrolledgbygthegthoughtsgandgactionsgofghumans.
c. weregatgthegmercygofggodsgandgspirits,gandgthegbehaviorgofgthesegobjectsgdependedgongtheirgwhims.
CopyrightgMacmillangLearning.gPoweredgbygCogner Pageg1
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,DOWNLOADgTHEgTestgBankgforgDiscoveringgthegUniverseg11thgEditiongComins
Name: Class: Date:
Chapterg02:gGravitationgandgthegMotiongofgthegPlanet
s
d. behavedgchaotically,gandgtheirgfuturegbehaviorgwasgtotallygunpredictable.
ANSWER:g a
7. ThegfirstgpersongtogrealizegthatgthegforcegholdinggusgontogEarthgisgthegsamegforcegthatgholdsgthegsolargsyste
mgtogethergwasgapparently
a. Plato.
b. Aristotle.
c. Newton.
d. Einstein.
ANSWER:g c
8. Thegintellectualgfoundationgofgsciencegis
a. observation,gfaith,gandgacceptance.
b. rejectiongofgallgobservationsgthatgdisagreegwithgtheory.
c. logicalgderivationgentirelygfromgfundamentalgprinciples.
d. observation,glogic,gandgskepticism.
ANSWER:g d
9. Agscientistgobservesgagnewgphenomenongthatgdisagreesgwithghisgexplanationgorghypothesis.gFollowinggth
egscientificgmethod,ghegshould
a. discardgthegobservationgasgerroneous.
b. modifyghisghypothesis.
c. waitguntilgsomeonegdevelopsgangadequategexplanationgbeforegannouncingghisgobservation.
d. rejectgthosegobservationsgthatgdognotgagreegwithgthegtheory.
ANSWER:g b
10. Ingscience,gifgnewgandgreliablegobservationsgdisagreegwithgagwell-establishedgtheory,gthengthe
a. observationsgshouldgbegclassifiedgforgfuturegreferencegandgthegtheorygretainedgasgthegbestgexplanatio
ngofgthegphenomenon.
b. observationsgmustgbegdiscarded.
c. theorygmustgbegdiscarded.
d. theorygmustgbegmodifiedgtogaccountgforgthegobservations,gandgifgthisgisgnotgpossible,gthengthegtheor
ygmustgbegdiscarded.
ANSWER:g d
11. Ingscience,gifgnewgandgreliablegobservationsgdisagreegwithgagparticulargtheory,gthengthe
a. observationsgmustgbegdiscarded.
b. theorygmustgbegmodified.
c. thegobservationsgandgthegtheorygshouldgbothgbegretained.
d. theorygmustgbegdiscarded.
ANSWER:g b
CopyrightgMacmillangLearning.gPoweredgbygCogner Pageg2
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, DOWNLOADgTHEgTestgBankgforgDiscoveringgthegUniverseg11thgEditiongComins
Name: Class: Date:
Chapterg02:gGravitationgandgthegMotiongofgthegPlanet
s
12. Thegscientificgmethodgisgagmajorgforcegingscience,gandgtheoriesgdescribinggphysicalgphenomenaghavegbee
ngdevelopedgwithgthegaimgofgensuringgthat
a. theygagreegwithgwhatgwegfindgingexperimentsgandgobservations.
b. resultsgfromgexperimentsgcangbegadjustedgtogagreegwithgcarefullygconstructedgtheoreticalgideals.
c. theygagreegwithgthegwisdomgofgthegancients.
d. theygaregsoggoodgandgourgfaithgingthemgisgsogstronggthatgwegnevergneedgtogtestgthemgagain
stgobservations.
ANSWER:g a
13. WhichgonegofgthesegisgNOTgpartgofgthegscientificgmethod?
a. makegangobservationgorgdogangexperiment
b. analyzegresults
c. determinegconsistencegwithgrecognizedgauthorities
d. choosegthegsimplestgexistinggtheory
ANSWER:g c
14. WhichgonegofgthesegisgNOTgpartgofgthegscientificgmethod?
a. proposegagnewgexperiment
b. takegagformalgvotegatgagrecognizedginternationalgscientificgconference
c. modifygexistinggtheory
d. makegpredictions
ANSWER:g b
15. Ingfollowinggthegprinciplesgofgthegscientificgmethod,gagtheorygproposedgtogexplaingaggivengphenomenongmus
t
a. agreegwithgandgbuildgongpreviousgtheoriesgbutgneedgnotgexplaingallgobservationsgbecausegsomegofgt
hegobservationsgmaygbegerroneous.
b. predictgnewgandgdifferentgexperimentsgthatgwillgextendgthegscopegofgthegtheoreticalgunderstandinggb
utgneedgnotgexplaingallgthegpreviousgobservationsgbecausegnogtheorygisgexpectedgtogexplaingeverythi
nggcompletely.
c. explaingallgpreviousgreliablegobservationsgingagconsistentgmannergbutgneedgnotgsuggestgnewgtestsgf
orgthegtheorygbecausegagtheorygshouldgbegcompletegingitself.
d. explaingallgknowngreliablegobservationsgandgpredictgnewgexperimentsgandgobservations.
ANSWER:g d
16. Accordinggtogthegscientificgmethod,gaghypothesisgthatgisgproposedgtogexplaingagparticulargphysic
algphenomenongisgconsideredgtogbegwronggif
a. leadinggscientistsgingthegworldgbelievegthatgitgisgwrong.
b. itgdisagreesgwithgthegacceptedgtheorygatgthegtimegofgthegproposal.
c. itgappearsgtogdefyglogicgandglogicalgreasoning.
d. itgisgingconflictgwithgthegresultsgofgjustgonegreliablegandgrepeatablegobservation.
ANSWER:g d
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