Chapter 7 Design Strategies and Statistical Methods in Analytic
Epidemiology
1. What distinguishes an analytic epidemiologic study from a descriptive study?
a. Analytic studies test hypotheses about associations between exposure and outcome
variables using a comparison group
b. Analytic studies only describe patterns of disease without testing hypotheses
c. Descriptive studies always include a control group, whereas analytic studies do not
d. Analytic studies do not consider exposure variables
2. Attributable risk refers to:
a. The amount of absolute risk among the exposed group that can be attributed to the
exposure
b. The proportion of a population at risk of developing a disease
c. The total risk of developing a disease in both exposed and unexposed groups
d. The proportion of people in a population who are immune to a disease
3. What is Berkson’s bias?
a. A form of recall bias affecting self-reported exposure histories
b. A hospital-patient selection bias in case-control studies where hospital controls are more
likely to be exposed than the general population
c. A systematic error caused by differential loss to follow-up
d. A type of measurement error affecting odds ratio calculations
4. In a case-control study, cases and controls are grouped based on:
a. The presence or absence of a health-related state or event
, b. Their exposure status at the beginning of the study
c. Their genetic susceptibility to a disease
d. The length of time they have been diagnosed with a disease
5. A case-crossover study is designed to:
a. Compare a case’s exposure status immediately before an event with its exposure status at
a prior time
b. Compare different cases with different exposure levels
c. Follow individuals over a long period to examine disease progression
d. Match cases and controls to eliminate confounding variables
6. Which of the following best defines a cohort?
a. A group of people selected at random for a study
b. A group of individuals defined by a shared experience or event within a specific time
frame
c. A group of patients with the same medical diagnosis
d. A statistical model used to estimate disease progression
7. What is the primary purpose of a cohort study?
a. To compare exposure status in people who already have a disease
b. To follow groups with different exposure levels over time to determine the effect of
exposure on health outcomes
c. To study rare diseases that develop over short periods
d. To identify the immediate cause of a disease outbreak
8. A confounder is best described as:
a. An extrinsic factor that is associated with both the exposure and the outcome, causing a
Epidemiology
1. What distinguishes an analytic epidemiologic study from a descriptive study?
a. Analytic studies test hypotheses about associations between exposure and outcome
variables using a comparison group
b. Analytic studies only describe patterns of disease without testing hypotheses
c. Descriptive studies always include a control group, whereas analytic studies do not
d. Analytic studies do not consider exposure variables
2. Attributable risk refers to:
a. The amount of absolute risk among the exposed group that can be attributed to the
exposure
b. The proportion of a population at risk of developing a disease
c. The total risk of developing a disease in both exposed and unexposed groups
d. The proportion of people in a population who are immune to a disease
3. What is Berkson’s bias?
a. A form of recall bias affecting self-reported exposure histories
b. A hospital-patient selection bias in case-control studies where hospital controls are more
likely to be exposed than the general population
c. A systematic error caused by differential loss to follow-up
d. A type of measurement error affecting odds ratio calculations
4. In a case-control study, cases and controls are grouped based on:
a. The presence or absence of a health-related state or event
, b. Their exposure status at the beginning of the study
c. Their genetic susceptibility to a disease
d. The length of time they have been diagnosed with a disease
5. A case-crossover study is designed to:
a. Compare a case’s exposure status immediately before an event with its exposure status at
a prior time
b. Compare different cases with different exposure levels
c. Follow individuals over a long period to examine disease progression
d. Match cases and controls to eliminate confounding variables
6. Which of the following best defines a cohort?
a. A group of people selected at random for a study
b. A group of individuals defined by a shared experience or event within a specific time
frame
c. A group of patients with the same medical diagnosis
d. A statistical model used to estimate disease progression
7. What is the primary purpose of a cohort study?
a. To compare exposure status in people who already have a disease
b. To follow groups with different exposure levels over time to determine the effect of
exposure on health outcomes
c. To study rare diseases that develop over short periods
d. To identify the immediate cause of a disease outbreak
8. A confounder is best described as:
a. An extrinsic factor that is associated with both the exposure and the outcome, causing a
