PSY 130: Exam 2 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
-categorizing speech sounds: when do adults generally detect the difference between PA and BA?
-can infants do this?
-is this unique to humans? - CORRECT ANSWER - -30 msec
-yes
-no: all mammalian animals can
what sound do Japanese people cannot detect the differences- but English speaking people can? -
CORRECT ANSWER - R an L
what age can infants hear all of sounds from all of the world's languages? at what age can they
only hear their own language? - CORRECT ANSWER - 6-8 months: hear everything
10-12: only native language
categorical perception in language: from birth: - CORRECT ANSWER - from birth,
infants attend to sound differences that signal different categories to sound
-after a while, they learn to ignore differences that are irrelevant to sound categories
how do infants identify words? - CORRECT ANSWER - distributed probabilities:
"this sound usually follows this sound"..
what do you need to learn a language? (1-3) - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) listen: infant
directed speech
2) find right sounds: categorize sounds
3) find words: distributed probabilities
, psychological reasoning:
-big bang theory clip
-false belief tasks
-anticipating looking task
-violation of expectation - CORRECT ANSWER - big bang theory clip: sheldon trained
penny: positive reward for good behavior
-false belief tasks: when someone believes something about the world that is not true-
experiments investigate when kids figure this out: SALLY ANNE task: ball in basket, and not
box? 3 year olds think others know what they know, 4 year olds think others have their own
beleifs
-anticipating looking task: SALLY ANNE task: they didn't directly ask the kids about where
Sally would look, they measured where they LOOKED, which indicates where they expect Sally
to look.
-violation of expectation: simplified Sally/Anne task. WATER MELON in green or yellow box.
no words. no answering questions. only 1 actor. results: infants know that other people have
different mental states, but of ten find it hard to use this info!
goldfish versus broccoli - CORRECT ANSWER - 14 months fail.
18 months pass
infant directed speech: - CORRECT ANSWER - clearer to understand
easier to learn
convey meaning through pitch, example: "you're a dumb dog"
features of babbling: what's the main purpose? - CORRECT ANSWER - main purpose=
PRACTICE!
First words, what age? what kinds of words? - CORRECT ANSWER - -12-18 months
Questions and CORRECT Answers
-categorizing speech sounds: when do adults generally detect the difference between PA and BA?
-can infants do this?
-is this unique to humans? - CORRECT ANSWER - -30 msec
-yes
-no: all mammalian animals can
what sound do Japanese people cannot detect the differences- but English speaking people can? -
CORRECT ANSWER - R an L
what age can infants hear all of sounds from all of the world's languages? at what age can they
only hear their own language? - CORRECT ANSWER - 6-8 months: hear everything
10-12: only native language
categorical perception in language: from birth: - CORRECT ANSWER - from birth,
infants attend to sound differences that signal different categories to sound
-after a while, they learn to ignore differences that are irrelevant to sound categories
how do infants identify words? - CORRECT ANSWER - distributed probabilities:
"this sound usually follows this sound"..
what do you need to learn a language? (1-3) - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) listen: infant
directed speech
2) find right sounds: categorize sounds
3) find words: distributed probabilities
, psychological reasoning:
-big bang theory clip
-false belief tasks
-anticipating looking task
-violation of expectation - CORRECT ANSWER - big bang theory clip: sheldon trained
penny: positive reward for good behavior
-false belief tasks: when someone believes something about the world that is not true-
experiments investigate when kids figure this out: SALLY ANNE task: ball in basket, and not
box? 3 year olds think others know what they know, 4 year olds think others have their own
beleifs
-anticipating looking task: SALLY ANNE task: they didn't directly ask the kids about where
Sally would look, they measured where they LOOKED, which indicates where they expect Sally
to look.
-violation of expectation: simplified Sally/Anne task. WATER MELON in green or yellow box.
no words. no answering questions. only 1 actor. results: infants know that other people have
different mental states, but of ten find it hard to use this info!
goldfish versus broccoli - CORRECT ANSWER - 14 months fail.
18 months pass
infant directed speech: - CORRECT ANSWER - clearer to understand
easier to learn
convey meaning through pitch, example: "you're a dumb dog"
features of babbling: what's the main purpose? - CORRECT ANSWER - main purpose=
PRACTICE!
First words, what age? what kinds of words? - CORRECT ANSWER - -12-18 months
