PSYS 130 - Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Chapter 11: Prosocial Behavior - CORRECT ANSWER - Any action intended to benefit
others
Altruism - CORRECT ANSWER - -Selfless concern for the welfare of others
-Intrinsic motivation to help, even at cost to self
-Motive is to increase another welfare, without conscious regard to one's self interest
-Ex: heroes of 9/11
Egoism - CORRECT ANSWER - -Motive is to increase one's own welfare
-Helping behavior provides tangible or intangible benefits to the helper
Bobby Green Example - CORRECT ANSWER - -During LA Riots, there was a black
motorist who was pulled over by white police ---> excessive force used
-Went to trial and police were requited even w/ evidence
-Other acts of racism came to life during trial ---> people upset, day long riots occurred
-White truck driver was pulled out of truck and beaten severely
-Bobby Green (black) saw this on TV and raced down the street to help trucker ---> despite not
even knowing him and risking his own life
Social Exchange Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - -Helping is motivated by a desire to
maximize rewards and minimize costs in relationships
-No such thing as true altruism
Lincoln Helping Pigs Example - CORRECT ANSWER - -Pig lost its babies in a creek
-Lincoln jumped in and saved baby pigs
-Someone said this was true altruism
,-But Lincoln said: "no, no I did it because if I didn't, then I would've been upset all day. I am
selfish"
-i.e. only helped to benefit himself
Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER - -When we feel empathy for a
person, we'll attempt to help that person purely for altruistic reasons
-There is such a thing as true altruism
Give Carol Notes Example - CORRECT ANSWER - -Evaluation of some recordings for
campus radio station
-Each person got same story about Carol in your class, who got in car accident and is now behind
in work
-ONE GROUP: when listening, told to just make objective evaluation
-SECOND GROUP: told to imagine how Carol feels (Empathy Group)
-Teacher left a note asking to help Carol by giving her your entire notebook anonymously
-ONE GROUP: Carol will be in class ("guilty")
-OTHER GROUP: Carol finishing semester at home
-LOW + HIGH EMPATHY, SEE her in class = 80% help
-LOW EMPATHY, NO CLASS = 35% help (suggests social exchange theory)
-HIGH EMPATHY, NO CLASS = 80% help too
Effect of Mood on Prosocial Behavior: "Feel Good- Do Good Hypothesis" - CORRECT
ANSWER - -You're more likely to help other people when you're already in a good mood
File Folder and Payphone Study Example - CORRECT ANSWER - -Payphone rigged so it
would sometimes have left over change in it
-Some participants had a dime = good mood
-Then stranger needed help (dropped all papers on the ground)
-Striking difference when person was in good mood
-4% helped w/ no dime; 80% helped w/ dime
, Negative State Relief Hypothesis ("Feel Bad - Do Good Hypothesis) - CORRECT
ANSWER - -Guilt or negative mood is more likely to increase helping
Exceptions to Feel Bad - Do Good Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Anger
2) Profound grief
Confession Study Example - CORRECT ANSWER - -People walking to confession
(guilty)
-People walking out of confession (less guilty)
-Person soliciting for charity outside of church
-Guilty people a lot more likely to donate money
Dying Friend Study Example - CORRECT ANSWER - -Group told sad story about their
friend dying of cancer and asked to think of how sad you'll feel while they died (Self-Focus)
-Another group told sad story where they're the friend dying and asked to think how sad it is not
knowing when you'll die
-Researchers found that the 2 sets of participants agreed to help
-25% of self-focus; 83% of other-focus
-When you self-focus, it takes you out of prosocial group i.e. less likely to help others
Evolutionary Explanations for Prosocial Behavior: Kin Selection - CORRECT ANSWER -
-Idea that behaviors that help a genetic relative are favored by natural selection
Signaling Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - -Behaving generously implies other favorable
characteristics
-Shows that you have other positive, appealing traits
Social Responsibility Norm - CORRECT ANSWER - -Expectation that people will help
those needing help
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Chapter 11: Prosocial Behavior - CORRECT ANSWER - Any action intended to benefit
others
Altruism - CORRECT ANSWER - -Selfless concern for the welfare of others
-Intrinsic motivation to help, even at cost to self
-Motive is to increase another welfare, without conscious regard to one's self interest
-Ex: heroes of 9/11
Egoism - CORRECT ANSWER - -Motive is to increase one's own welfare
-Helping behavior provides tangible or intangible benefits to the helper
Bobby Green Example - CORRECT ANSWER - -During LA Riots, there was a black
motorist who was pulled over by white police ---> excessive force used
-Went to trial and police were requited even w/ evidence
-Other acts of racism came to life during trial ---> people upset, day long riots occurred
-White truck driver was pulled out of truck and beaten severely
-Bobby Green (black) saw this on TV and raced down the street to help trucker ---> despite not
even knowing him and risking his own life
Social Exchange Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - -Helping is motivated by a desire to
maximize rewards and minimize costs in relationships
-No such thing as true altruism
Lincoln Helping Pigs Example - CORRECT ANSWER - -Pig lost its babies in a creek
-Lincoln jumped in and saved baby pigs
-Someone said this was true altruism
,-But Lincoln said: "no, no I did it because if I didn't, then I would've been upset all day. I am
selfish"
-i.e. only helped to benefit himself
Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER - -When we feel empathy for a
person, we'll attempt to help that person purely for altruistic reasons
-There is such a thing as true altruism
Give Carol Notes Example - CORRECT ANSWER - -Evaluation of some recordings for
campus radio station
-Each person got same story about Carol in your class, who got in car accident and is now behind
in work
-ONE GROUP: when listening, told to just make objective evaluation
-SECOND GROUP: told to imagine how Carol feels (Empathy Group)
-Teacher left a note asking to help Carol by giving her your entire notebook anonymously
-ONE GROUP: Carol will be in class ("guilty")
-OTHER GROUP: Carol finishing semester at home
-LOW + HIGH EMPATHY, SEE her in class = 80% help
-LOW EMPATHY, NO CLASS = 35% help (suggests social exchange theory)
-HIGH EMPATHY, NO CLASS = 80% help too
Effect of Mood on Prosocial Behavior: "Feel Good- Do Good Hypothesis" - CORRECT
ANSWER - -You're more likely to help other people when you're already in a good mood
File Folder and Payphone Study Example - CORRECT ANSWER - -Payphone rigged so it
would sometimes have left over change in it
-Some participants had a dime = good mood
-Then stranger needed help (dropped all papers on the ground)
-Striking difference when person was in good mood
-4% helped w/ no dime; 80% helped w/ dime
, Negative State Relief Hypothesis ("Feel Bad - Do Good Hypothesis) - CORRECT
ANSWER - -Guilt or negative mood is more likely to increase helping
Exceptions to Feel Bad - Do Good Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Anger
2) Profound grief
Confession Study Example - CORRECT ANSWER - -People walking to confession
(guilty)
-People walking out of confession (less guilty)
-Person soliciting for charity outside of church
-Guilty people a lot more likely to donate money
Dying Friend Study Example - CORRECT ANSWER - -Group told sad story about their
friend dying of cancer and asked to think of how sad you'll feel while they died (Self-Focus)
-Another group told sad story where they're the friend dying and asked to think how sad it is not
knowing when you'll die
-Researchers found that the 2 sets of participants agreed to help
-25% of self-focus; 83% of other-focus
-When you self-focus, it takes you out of prosocial group i.e. less likely to help others
Evolutionary Explanations for Prosocial Behavior: Kin Selection - CORRECT ANSWER -
-Idea that behaviors that help a genetic relative are favored by natural selection
Signaling Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - -Behaving generously implies other favorable
characteristics
-Shows that you have other positive, appealing traits
Social Responsibility Norm - CORRECT ANSWER - -Expectation that people will help
those needing help
