DENTAL HYGIENE LOCAL ANESTHESIA BOARD
REVIEW EXAM WITH SOLUTIONS #1
Describe the polarization of a nerve cell: - correct answer at rest, inside of a cell is
slightly (-) charged and outside is lightly (+) charged. (70 mv) difference.
Describe the depolarization of a nerve cell: - correct answer when there is an influx of
na+ ions and it causes the cell to become depolarized with a (+) charge.
Describe the repolarization of a nerve cell: - correct answer begins immediately after
depolarization with potassium (+) ions leaving the cell in order to restore equilibrium.
Myelinated nerves conduct impulses _________ with ________ energy. - correct
answer faster; less
What do the nodes of ranvier on myelinated nerves allow for? - correct answer the
passage of local anesthesia into the nerve cell.
What is the primary action of local anesthetics? - correct answer to block pain
perception/transmission by decreasing permeability of sodium ions.
Where does the biotransformation of esters occur? - correct answer in the
pseudocholinesterase of blood plasma and is then excreted by the kidneys.
Where does the biotransformation of amides occur? - correct answer in the liver and is
then excreted by the kidneys.
Which local anesthetic type is less likely to admit an allergic reaction? - correct answer
amides
___________ are readily hydrolyzed in aqueous solutions, and _____________ are
resistant to hydrolysis in aqueous solutions. - correct answer esters; amides
What is the first sensation that is lost with local anesthetics? - correct answer pain
What is the function of sodium chloride in local anesthetics? - correct answer to
maintain an isotonic solution
What happens when there is infection in the area of an injection? - correct answer
because of its low ph, local anesthetic is less effective.
What is the most commonly used local anesthesia without a vasoconstricter? - correct
answer carbocaine 3%
What is the safe does of a vasoconstricter in a healthy patient? - correct answer .2 mg
, What is the safe does of a vasoconstricter for a cardiac compromised patient? - correct
answer .04 mg
What is the advantage of using a vasoconstricter in local anesthetic? - correct answer
they significantly delay absorption and removal of the local anesthetic solution thus they
provide a much longer time for the completion of a procedure.
What is used as a preservative for epinephrine in local anesthetics? - correct answer
sodium bisulfite
How much epinephrine does a carpule of 1/100,000 contain? With this information, what
is the cardiac patient limit based on how much epinephrine is in each carpule? - correct
answer .018 mg; two carpules of 1/100,000 because 2 x .018 = .036 mg
Adrenalin (epinephrine) is naturally found in the body. Where is it produced? - correct
answer the adrenal glands
When should epinephrine not be used? - correct answer in a cocaine addict
Where are topical local anesthetics not effective? - correct answer on keratinized tissue
How far does topical anesthetic penetrate mucous membrane? - correct answer 2-3 mm
What should we limit the placement of a 20% lidocaine patch to? - correct answer 15
minutes
What are some examples of amide agents? - correct answer topical lidocaine,
bupivicane, mepivocaine (carbocaine)
What are some examples of ester agents? - correct answer topical benzocaine, topical
tetracainehypochloride, procaine, and prilocaine.
What are the only ester injectable local anesthetics? - correct answer procaine and
lidocaine
Example of a safe topical anesthetic: - correct answer benzocaine (ester)
How long should you apply topical anesthetic to non-keratinized tissue? - correct
answer at least 30 seconds
What should be avoided when sanitizing the injection site as well as contact with local
anesthetic cartridges? - correct answer alcohol
What is the shelf life of local anesthetic without epinephrine? With? - correct answer 36
months; 18 months
REVIEW EXAM WITH SOLUTIONS #1
Describe the polarization of a nerve cell: - correct answer at rest, inside of a cell is
slightly (-) charged and outside is lightly (+) charged. (70 mv) difference.
Describe the depolarization of a nerve cell: - correct answer when there is an influx of
na+ ions and it causes the cell to become depolarized with a (+) charge.
Describe the repolarization of a nerve cell: - correct answer begins immediately after
depolarization with potassium (+) ions leaving the cell in order to restore equilibrium.
Myelinated nerves conduct impulses _________ with ________ energy. - correct
answer faster; less
What do the nodes of ranvier on myelinated nerves allow for? - correct answer the
passage of local anesthesia into the nerve cell.
What is the primary action of local anesthetics? - correct answer to block pain
perception/transmission by decreasing permeability of sodium ions.
Where does the biotransformation of esters occur? - correct answer in the
pseudocholinesterase of blood plasma and is then excreted by the kidneys.
Where does the biotransformation of amides occur? - correct answer in the liver and is
then excreted by the kidneys.
Which local anesthetic type is less likely to admit an allergic reaction? - correct answer
amides
___________ are readily hydrolyzed in aqueous solutions, and _____________ are
resistant to hydrolysis in aqueous solutions. - correct answer esters; amides
What is the first sensation that is lost with local anesthetics? - correct answer pain
What is the function of sodium chloride in local anesthetics? - correct answer to
maintain an isotonic solution
What happens when there is infection in the area of an injection? - correct answer
because of its low ph, local anesthetic is less effective.
What is the most commonly used local anesthesia without a vasoconstricter? - correct
answer carbocaine 3%
What is the safe does of a vasoconstricter in a healthy patient? - correct answer .2 mg
, What is the safe does of a vasoconstricter for a cardiac compromised patient? - correct
answer .04 mg
What is the advantage of using a vasoconstricter in local anesthetic? - correct answer
they significantly delay absorption and removal of the local anesthetic solution thus they
provide a much longer time for the completion of a procedure.
What is used as a preservative for epinephrine in local anesthetics? - correct answer
sodium bisulfite
How much epinephrine does a carpule of 1/100,000 contain? With this information, what
is the cardiac patient limit based on how much epinephrine is in each carpule? - correct
answer .018 mg; two carpules of 1/100,000 because 2 x .018 = .036 mg
Adrenalin (epinephrine) is naturally found in the body. Where is it produced? - correct
answer the adrenal glands
When should epinephrine not be used? - correct answer in a cocaine addict
Where are topical local anesthetics not effective? - correct answer on keratinized tissue
How far does topical anesthetic penetrate mucous membrane? - correct answer 2-3 mm
What should we limit the placement of a 20% lidocaine patch to? - correct answer 15
minutes
What are some examples of amide agents? - correct answer topical lidocaine,
bupivicane, mepivocaine (carbocaine)
What are some examples of ester agents? - correct answer topical benzocaine, topical
tetracainehypochloride, procaine, and prilocaine.
What are the only ester injectable local anesthetics? - correct answer procaine and
lidocaine
Example of a safe topical anesthetic: - correct answer benzocaine (ester)
How long should you apply topical anesthetic to non-keratinized tissue? - correct
answer at least 30 seconds
What should be avoided when sanitizing the injection site as well as contact with local
anesthetic cartridges? - correct answer alcohol
What is the shelf life of local anesthetic without epinephrine? With? - correct answer 36
months; 18 months
