OSAT: Early Childhood Exam
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Sensorimotor Period: Birth to One Month - ✔✔Infants learn to
comprehend their environment through their inborn reflexes
Preoperational Stage of Cognitive Development - ✔✔o Roughly bet`ween
the ages of 2-6 years old
o Begin to use objects to represent things, i.e, symbolic representation
o Play pretend/Make believe.
o Their thinking is intuitive rather than following logical steps
o "Egocentric" in that they cannot adopt another's point of view
Sensorimotor Period: 1-4 months - ✔✔Babies begin to coordinate their
physical sensations with new schemas
1
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,Sensorimotor Period: 4-8 Months - ✔✔Children also repeat rewarding
actions, but now they are focused on things in the environment that they
can affect, rather than just the child's own person.
Sensorimotor Period: 8-12 months - ✔✔Infants begin further exploring
their surroundings.
Sensorimotor Period: 12-18 months - ✔✔Children begin experimenting
through trial-and-error.
Sensorimotor Period: 18-24 months - ✔✔Children begin representing
objects and events with symbols. Begin to understand the world via not
only actions, but mental operations.
Schema - ✔✔Mental constructs or concepts that represent elements of the
environment. A category or class of things.
Assimilation - ✔✔When we fit something into an existing schema
Accommodation - ✔✔When something new cannot be assimilated into an
existing schema, we either modify that schema or form a new schema
2
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,conservation - ✔✔o The cognitive ability to understand that objects or
substances retain their properties of numbers or amounts even when their
appearance, shape, or configuration changes
Sociocultural Theory - ✔✔Believed that all children's mental, language and
social development is supported by and enhanced through social
interactions
Zone of Proximal Development - ✔✔The difference between what the child
can accomplish independently and what he or she can achieve in
conjunction with another more competent person
Scaffolding - ✔✔Assistance in the ZPD. At the beginning of a new task,
scaffolding should be concrete and visible, but should be slowly removed
after that. Builds on children's strengths, enabling the children to grow
cognitively and become independent learners.
Self-actualization - ✔✔Maximizing one's potential
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development - ✔✔Trust vs. Mistrust
(birth- 18 months)
3
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, Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (18 months- 3 years)
Initiative vs. Guild (3-5 years)
Industry vs. Inferiority (5- 8 years)
Trust vs. Mistrust - ✔✔(Birth-18 months) Trust develops when children's
needs are met consistently, predictably, and lovingly. Caring for basic
needs.
autonomy vs. Shame/doubt - ✔✔(18 months-3 years) Learn independence
and competence. Toddlers learn to be self-sufficient or to doubt their
abilities in activities.
initiative vs guild - ✔✔• (3 years-5 years)-Children need opportunities to
respond with initiative to activities and tasks, which give them a sense of
purposefulness and accomplishment. Children are learning and want to
undertake many adultlike activities. Exercise control over environments.
Industry vs. Inferiority - ✔✔(5-8 years)- Children display an industrious
attitude and want to be productive. Build things, discover, manipulate
objects, and find out how things work.
4
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Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Sensorimotor Period: Birth to One Month - ✔✔Infants learn to
comprehend their environment through their inborn reflexes
Preoperational Stage of Cognitive Development - ✔✔o Roughly bet`ween
the ages of 2-6 years old
o Begin to use objects to represent things, i.e, symbolic representation
o Play pretend/Make believe.
o Their thinking is intuitive rather than following logical steps
o "Egocentric" in that they cannot adopt another's point of view
Sensorimotor Period: 1-4 months - ✔✔Babies begin to coordinate their
physical sensations with new schemas
1
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
,Sensorimotor Period: 4-8 Months - ✔✔Children also repeat rewarding
actions, but now they are focused on things in the environment that they
can affect, rather than just the child's own person.
Sensorimotor Period: 8-12 months - ✔✔Infants begin further exploring
their surroundings.
Sensorimotor Period: 12-18 months - ✔✔Children begin experimenting
through trial-and-error.
Sensorimotor Period: 18-24 months - ✔✔Children begin representing
objects and events with symbols. Begin to understand the world via not
only actions, but mental operations.
Schema - ✔✔Mental constructs or concepts that represent elements of the
environment. A category or class of things.
Assimilation - ✔✔When we fit something into an existing schema
Accommodation - ✔✔When something new cannot be assimilated into an
existing schema, we either modify that schema or form a new schema
2
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,conservation - ✔✔o The cognitive ability to understand that objects or
substances retain their properties of numbers or amounts even when their
appearance, shape, or configuration changes
Sociocultural Theory - ✔✔Believed that all children's mental, language and
social development is supported by and enhanced through social
interactions
Zone of Proximal Development - ✔✔The difference between what the child
can accomplish independently and what he or she can achieve in
conjunction with another more competent person
Scaffolding - ✔✔Assistance in the ZPD. At the beginning of a new task,
scaffolding should be concrete and visible, but should be slowly removed
after that. Builds on children's strengths, enabling the children to grow
cognitively and become independent learners.
Self-actualization - ✔✔Maximizing one's potential
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development - ✔✔Trust vs. Mistrust
(birth- 18 months)
3
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, Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (18 months- 3 years)
Initiative vs. Guild (3-5 years)
Industry vs. Inferiority (5- 8 years)
Trust vs. Mistrust - ✔✔(Birth-18 months) Trust develops when children's
needs are met consistently, predictably, and lovingly. Caring for basic
needs.
autonomy vs. Shame/doubt - ✔✔(18 months-3 years) Learn independence
and competence. Toddlers learn to be self-sufficient or to doubt their
abilities in activities.
initiative vs guild - ✔✔• (3 years-5 years)-Children need opportunities to
respond with initiative to activities and tasks, which give them a sense of
purposefulness and accomplishment. Children are learning and want to
undertake many adultlike activities. Exercise control over environments.
Industry vs. Inferiority - ✔✔(5-8 years)- Children display an industrious
attitude and want to be productive. Build things, discover, manipulate
objects, and find out how things work.
4
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
