Biology 124 Chapter 29: How Plants Colonized Land With
Questions And Answers.
Phragmoplast - an alignment of cytoskeletal elements and Golgi-derived vesicles that forms
across the midline of a dividing plant
Sporopollenin - a durable polymer that covers the exposed zygotes of charophyte algae and
forms the walls of plant spores, preventing them from drying out
Alternation of Generations - a life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the
sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte
Gametophyte - in organisms that have alternation of generations, the multicellular haploid
form that produces haploid gametes by mitosis
Sporophyte - in organisms that have alteration of generations, the multicellular diploid form
that results from the union of gametes
Spores - in the life cycle of a plant or alga undergoing alternation of generations, a haploid
cell produced in the sporophyte by meiosis; can divide by mitosis to develop into a
multicellular haploid individual, the gametophyte
Placental Transfer Cells - a plant cell that enhances the transfer of nutrients from parent to
embryo
Embryophyte - alternate name for land plants that refers to their shared derived trait of
multicellular, dependent embryos
Sporangium - a multicellular organ in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and haploid
cells develop
Sporocyte - a diploid cell, also known as a spore mother cell, that undergoes meiosis and
generates haploid spores
Gametangium - multicellular plant structure in which gametes are formed
, Archegonium - in plants, the female gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes
develop
Antheridium - in plants, the male gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop
Apical Meristems - embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and buds of shoots; enable the
plant to grow in length
Cuticle - a waxy covering on the surface of stems or leaves that prevents desiccation in
terrestrial plants
Vascular Tissue - plant tissue consisting of cells joined together into tubes that transport
water and nutrients throughout the plant body
Vascular Plants - a plant with vascular tissue; all living plant species except liverworts,
hornworts, and mosses
Bryophyte - an informal name for a moss, liverwort, or hornwort; a nonvascular plant that
lives on land but lacks some of the terrestrial adaptations of vascular plants
Lycophyte - an informal name for a member of the phylum Lycophyta, which includes club
mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts
Pterophyte - an informal name for a member of the phylum Pterophyta, which includes ferns,
horsetails, and whisk ferns and their relatives
Seedless Vascular Plants - an informal name for a plant that has vascular tissue but lacks
seeds
Grade - a group of organisms that share the same level of organizational complexity or
share a key adaptation
Seed - an adaptation of some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with
a store of food within a protective coat
Questions And Answers.
Phragmoplast - an alignment of cytoskeletal elements and Golgi-derived vesicles that forms
across the midline of a dividing plant
Sporopollenin - a durable polymer that covers the exposed zygotes of charophyte algae and
forms the walls of plant spores, preventing them from drying out
Alternation of Generations - a life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the
sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte
Gametophyte - in organisms that have alternation of generations, the multicellular haploid
form that produces haploid gametes by mitosis
Sporophyte - in organisms that have alteration of generations, the multicellular diploid form
that results from the union of gametes
Spores - in the life cycle of a plant or alga undergoing alternation of generations, a haploid
cell produced in the sporophyte by meiosis; can divide by mitosis to develop into a
multicellular haploid individual, the gametophyte
Placental Transfer Cells - a plant cell that enhances the transfer of nutrients from parent to
embryo
Embryophyte - alternate name for land plants that refers to their shared derived trait of
multicellular, dependent embryos
Sporangium - a multicellular organ in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and haploid
cells develop
Sporocyte - a diploid cell, also known as a spore mother cell, that undergoes meiosis and
generates haploid spores
Gametangium - multicellular plant structure in which gametes are formed
, Archegonium - in plants, the female gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes
develop
Antheridium - in plants, the male gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop
Apical Meristems - embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and buds of shoots; enable the
plant to grow in length
Cuticle - a waxy covering on the surface of stems or leaves that prevents desiccation in
terrestrial plants
Vascular Tissue - plant tissue consisting of cells joined together into tubes that transport
water and nutrients throughout the plant body
Vascular Plants - a plant with vascular tissue; all living plant species except liverworts,
hornworts, and mosses
Bryophyte - an informal name for a moss, liverwort, or hornwort; a nonvascular plant that
lives on land but lacks some of the terrestrial adaptations of vascular plants
Lycophyte - an informal name for a member of the phylum Lycophyta, which includes club
mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts
Pterophyte - an informal name for a member of the phylum Pterophyta, which includes ferns,
horsetails, and whisk ferns and their relatives
Seedless Vascular Plants - an informal name for a plant that has vascular tissue but lacks
seeds
Grade - a group of organisms that share the same level of organizational complexity or
share a key adaptation
Seed - an adaptation of some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with
a store of food within a protective coat
