©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:52PM.
Milady Chapter 15 Exam Questions And
Answers 2025 Update.
Acid-balanced waves - Answer✔Permanent waves that have a 7.0 or neutral pH; because of
their higher pH, they process at room temperature, do not require the added heat of a hair
dryer, process more quickly, and produce firmer curls than true acid waves.
Alkaline waves - Answer✔also known as cold waves; have a pH between 9.0 and 9.6, use
ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) as the reducing agent, and process at room temperature
without the addition of heat
ammonia-free waves - Answer✔Perms that use an ingredient that does not evaporate as
readily as ammonia, so there is very little odor associated with their use.
ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) - Answer✔Active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline
permanents.
Base control - Answer✔Perm rods position in relation to its base section; determined by the
angle at which the hair is wrapped
Base direction - Answer✔Angle at which the rod is positioned on the head (horizontally,
vertically, or diagonally); also, the directional pattern in which the hair is wrapped.
base placement - Answer✔refers to the rod's position in relation to its base section; base
placement is determined by the angle which the hair is wrapped
base relaxers - Answer✔Relaxers that require the application of protective base cream to the
entire scalp prior to the application of the relaxer.
base sections - Answer✔Subsections of panels into which hair is divided for perm wrapping;
one rod is normally placed on each base section.
Basic wrap - Answer✔The wrapping pattern where all rods within a panel are positioned in the
same direction on equal-size bases
bookend wrap - Answer✔Perm wrap in which one end paper is folded in half over the hair ends
like an envelope.
1
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:52PM.
Bricklay wrap - Answer✔perm wrap similar to actual technique of bricklaying; base sections are
offset from each other row by row to prevent noticeable splits and to blend the flow of the hair
Calcium Hydroxide - Answer✔Ca(OH)2 active ingredient in a no-lye based relaxer ph level of a
no -lye relaxer is typically lower than a lye- based one often associated w dryer hair
chemical hair relaxing - Answer✔A process or service that rearranges the structure of curly hair
into a straighter or smoother form.
Chemical relaxer - Answer✔product that removes curl or wave, leaving hair smooth or straight
chemical texture services - Answer✔Hair services that cause a chemical change that alters the
natural wave pattern of the hair
concave rods - Answer✔Perm rods that have a smaller diameter in the center that increases to
a larger diameter on the ends.
croquignole wrap technique - Answer✔Perm in which the hair strands are wrapped from the
ends to the scalp in overlapping concentric layers.
Double flat wrap - Answer✔Perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under and another is
placed over the strand of hair being wrapped.
endothermic waves - Answer✔perm activated by an outside heat source usually a conventional
hood type hair dryer
double-rod wrap - Answer✔Also known as piggyback wrap; a wrap technique whereby extra-
long hair is wrapped on one rod from the scalp to midway down the hair shaft, and another rod
is used to wrap the remaining hair strand in the same direction.
End papers - Answer✔Also known as end wraps; perm paper; absorbent papers used to control
the ends of the hair when wrapping and winding hair on perm rods.
exothermic waves - Answer✔Create an exothermic chemical reaction that heats up the waving
solution and speeds up processing
glyceryl monothioglycolate (GMTG) - Answer✔main active ingredient in true acid and acid-
balanced waving lotions
half off-base placement - Answer✔Base control in which the hair is wrapped at an angle of 90
degrees or perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned half off its base section.
Hydroxide neutralization - Answer✔An acid-alkali neutralization reaction that neutralizes
(deactivates) the alkaline residues left in the hair by a hydroxide relaxer and lowers the pH of
the hair and scalp; hydroxide relaxer neutralization does not involve oxidation or rebuild
disulfide bonds.
2
Milady Chapter 15 Exam Questions And
Answers 2025 Update.
Acid-balanced waves - Answer✔Permanent waves that have a 7.0 or neutral pH; because of
their higher pH, they process at room temperature, do not require the added heat of a hair
dryer, process more quickly, and produce firmer curls than true acid waves.
Alkaline waves - Answer✔also known as cold waves; have a pH between 9.0 and 9.6, use
ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) as the reducing agent, and process at room temperature
without the addition of heat
ammonia-free waves - Answer✔Perms that use an ingredient that does not evaporate as
readily as ammonia, so there is very little odor associated with their use.
ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) - Answer✔Active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline
permanents.
Base control - Answer✔Perm rods position in relation to its base section; determined by the
angle at which the hair is wrapped
Base direction - Answer✔Angle at which the rod is positioned on the head (horizontally,
vertically, or diagonally); also, the directional pattern in which the hair is wrapped.
base placement - Answer✔refers to the rod's position in relation to its base section; base
placement is determined by the angle which the hair is wrapped
base relaxers - Answer✔Relaxers that require the application of protective base cream to the
entire scalp prior to the application of the relaxer.
base sections - Answer✔Subsections of panels into which hair is divided for perm wrapping;
one rod is normally placed on each base section.
Basic wrap - Answer✔The wrapping pattern where all rods within a panel are positioned in the
same direction on equal-size bases
bookend wrap - Answer✔Perm wrap in which one end paper is folded in half over the hair ends
like an envelope.
1
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1:52PM.
Bricklay wrap - Answer✔perm wrap similar to actual technique of bricklaying; base sections are
offset from each other row by row to prevent noticeable splits and to blend the flow of the hair
Calcium Hydroxide - Answer✔Ca(OH)2 active ingredient in a no-lye based relaxer ph level of a
no -lye relaxer is typically lower than a lye- based one often associated w dryer hair
chemical hair relaxing - Answer✔A process or service that rearranges the structure of curly hair
into a straighter or smoother form.
Chemical relaxer - Answer✔product that removes curl or wave, leaving hair smooth or straight
chemical texture services - Answer✔Hair services that cause a chemical change that alters the
natural wave pattern of the hair
concave rods - Answer✔Perm rods that have a smaller diameter in the center that increases to
a larger diameter on the ends.
croquignole wrap technique - Answer✔Perm in which the hair strands are wrapped from the
ends to the scalp in overlapping concentric layers.
Double flat wrap - Answer✔Perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under and another is
placed over the strand of hair being wrapped.
endothermic waves - Answer✔perm activated by an outside heat source usually a conventional
hood type hair dryer
double-rod wrap - Answer✔Also known as piggyback wrap; a wrap technique whereby extra-
long hair is wrapped on one rod from the scalp to midway down the hair shaft, and another rod
is used to wrap the remaining hair strand in the same direction.
End papers - Answer✔Also known as end wraps; perm paper; absorbent papers used to control
the ends of the hair when wrapping and winding hair on perm rods.
exothermic waves - Answer✔Create an exothermic chemical reaction that heats up the waving
solution and speeds up processing
glyceryl monothioglycolate (GMTG) - Answer✔main active ingredient in true acid and acid-
balanced waving lotions
half off-base placement - Answer✔Base control in which the hair is wrapped at an angle of 90
degrees or perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned half off its base section.
Hydroxide neutralization - Answer✔An acid-alkali neutralization reaction that neutralizes
(deactivates) the alkaline residues left in the hair by a hydroxide relaxer and lowers the pH of
the hair and scalp; hydroxide relaxer neutralization does not involve oxidation or rebuild
disulfide bonds.
2
