NURS 5334 Antimicrobial Principles
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Antibiotic - CORRECT ANSWER - A chemical secreted by a living organism that kills or
reduces the reproduction rate of other organisms
Antimicrobial - CORRECT ANSWER - Any agent of a natural or synthetic that can kill or
suppress micro-organisms
Antimicrobial drugs classification by susceptible organism - CORRECT ANSWER -
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics (preferred)
Broad-spectrum antibiotics
Classified by mechanism of action - CORRECT ANSWER - Drugs that work on cell wall
synthesis
Drugs that increase cell membrane permeability
Drugs that cause lethal inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis
Drugs that cause non-lethal inhibition of protein synthesis
Drugs that inhibit bacterial synthesis of DNA and RNA, or disrupt DNA function
Anti-metabolites
Drugs that suppress viral replication
Drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER - Penicillins and
cephalosporins
Weaken cell wall, hence promote bacterial lysis and death
Drugs that increase cell membrane permeability - CORRECT ANSWER - Amphotericin B
Increase the permeability of cell membranes causing leakage of intracellular material
, Drugs that cause lethal inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER -
Aminoglycosides; gentamicin
Drugs that cause non-lethal inhibition of protein synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER -
Tetracyclines
Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, and only slow microbial growth, but do not kill the bacteria at
clinically achievable concentrations
Drugs that inhibit bacterial synthesis of DNA and RNA, or disrupt DNA function - CORRECT
ANSWER - Rifampin, metronidazole, and fluoroquinolones
Binding directly to the nucleic acids or by interacting with enzymes required for nucleic acid
synthesis, and can also bind with DNA and disrupt its function
Anti-metabolites - CORRECT ANSWER - Trimethoprim and sulfonamides
Disrupt specific biochemical reactions, and this result is either a decrease in the synthesis of
essential and constituents or a synthesis of nonfunctional analogs of minimal metabolites
Drugs that suppress viral replication - CORRECT ANSWER - inhibit specific enzymes,
either DNA, polymerase reverse transcriptase protease, integrase, or neuraminidase, which are
required in viral replica
Bactericidal drugs - CORRECT ANSWER - Directly lethal to the bacteria at clinically
achievable concentrations
Bacteriostatic - CORRECT ANSWER - Slow bacterial growth, but do not cause cell death
Organisms that are once highly sensitive to an antibiotic may become less susceptible or lose
drug sensitivity entirely, and resistance develops
Organisms with drug resistance - CORRECT ANSWER - Enterococcus, Staphylococcus
aureus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, and Clostridium difficile
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Antibiotic - CORRECT ANSWER - A chemical secreted by a living organism that kills or
reduces the reproduction rate of other organisms
Antimicrobial - CORRECT ANSWER - Any agent of a natural or synthetic that can kill or
suppress micro-organisms
Antimicrobial drugs classification by susceptible organism - CORRECT ANSWER -
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics (preferred)
Broad-spectrum antibiotics
Classified by mechanism of action - CORRECT ANSWER - Drugs that work on cell wall
synthesis
Drugs that increase cell membrane permeability
Drugs that cause lethal inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis
Drugs that cause non-lethal inhibition of protein synthesis
Drugs that inhibit bacterial synthesis of DNA and RNA, or disrupt DNA function
Anti-metabolites
Drugs that suppress viral replication
Drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER - Penicillins and
cephalosporins
Weaken cell wall, hence promote bacterial lysis and death
Drugs that increase cell membrane permeability - CORRECT ANSWER - Amphotericin B
Increase the permeability of cell membranes causing leakage of intracellular material
, Drugs that cause lethal inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER -
Aminoglycosides; gentamicin
Drugs that cause non-lethal inhibition of protein synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER -
Tetracyclines
Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, and only slow microbial growth, but do not kill the bacteria at
clinically achievable concentrations
Drugs that inhibit bacterial synthesis of DNA and RNA, or disrupt DNA function - CORRECT
ANSWER - Rifampin, metronidazole, and fluoroquinolones
Binding directly to the nucleic acids or by interacting with enzymes required for nucleic acid
synthesis, and can also bind with DNA and disrupt its function
Anti-metabolites - CORRECT ANSWER - Trimethoprim and sulfonamides
Disrupt specific biochemical reactions, and this result is either a decrease in the synthesis of
essential and constituents or a synthesis of nonfunctional analogs of minimal metabolites
Drugs that suppress viral replication - CORRECT ANSWER - inhibit specific enzymes,
either DNA, polymerase reverse transcriptase protease, integrase, or neuraminidase, which are
required in viral replica
Bactericidal drugs - CORRECT ANSWER - Directly lethal to the bacteria at clinically
achievable concentrations
Bacteriostatic - CORRECT ANSWER - Slow bacterial growth, but do not cause cell death
Organisms that are once highly sensitive to an antibiotic may become less susceptible or lose
drug sensitivity entirely, and resistance develops
Organisms with drug resistance - CORRECT ANSWER - Enterococcus, Staphylococcus
aureus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, and Clostridium difficile
