ESS105 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
the disintegration and decomposition of rock at or near Earth's surface
result of exposure to air, moisture, and organic matter - ✔✔weathering
weathered rock particles are picked up and moved by flowing water, wind,
or glacial ice - ✔✔erosion
very fundamentally, they are formed from sediment - ✔✔how do
sedimentary rocks form?
loose, solid particles originating from weathering and erosion of pre-
existing rocks (clay minerals, quartz, fragments of partially weathered
rock) or chemical precipitation from solution, including secretion by
organisms in water (dissolved ions) - ✔✔sediment
1
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,disintegration of rock; breaking in into smaller and smaller pieces -
✔✔mechanical weathering
1. unloading/sheeting effects
2. tectonic forces
3. cooling joints - ✔✔causes of joints
the process by which rocks break down as a result of chemical reactions -
✔✔chemical weathering
1. solution: dissolving limestone (calcite) by naturally acidic rain water;
forms limestone caves
2. oxidation: rusting of iron-rich minerals
3. hydrolysis: changing feldspar (common minerals) into clay - ✔✔3 classes
of chemical weathering
- most are formed in limestone because it is soluble.
- firstly groundwater dissolves the limestone
- above the water table (where water begins), cave may be dry
2
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,- features are widen into cavities and caves
- below water table. water further dissolves the material - ✔✔how do caves
form?
- weak bonds such as calcite are soluble and can dissolve (ex. calcite)
- strong bonds are much less soluble (ex. quartz)
- most sandstone is less soluble than quartz - ✔✔chemical bonding on how
minerals weather
running water is the most important geologic agent in eroding on the
Earth's surface
it transports and deposits sediment
nearly every landscape shows signs of stream erosion or deposition -
✔✔why is running water important?
clastic, chemical, organic - ✔✔types of sedimentary rocks
3
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, - most common sedimentary rock type
- formed from cemented sediment grains that come from pre-existing rocks
(clay, quartz, partially weathered rocks) - ✔✔clastic sedimentary rocks
sedimentary rock that forms when minerals precipitate from a solution or
settle from a suspension
has crystalline textures - ✔✔chemical sedimentary rock
accumulated from the remains of organisms (which construct their shells
from dissolved ions) - ✔✔biochemical/organic sedimentary rocks
coarse sedimentary rock consisting of angular fragments; or rock broken
into angular fragments by faulting
forms near steep mountain and debris flow - ✔✔breccia
conglomerates have rounded clasts, indicating that the sediments were
transported farther from
4
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
the disintegration and decomposition of rock at or near Earth's surface
result of exposure to air, moisture, and organic matter - ✔✔weathering
weathered rock particles are picked up and moved by flowing water, wind,
or glacial ice - ✔✔erosion
very fundamentally, they are formed from sediment - ✔✔how do
sedimentary rocks form?
loose, solid particles originating from weathering and erosion of pre-
existing rocks (clay minerals, quartz, fragments of partially weathered
rock) or chemical precipitation from solution, including secretion by
organisms in water (dissolved ions) - ✔✔sediment
1
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
,disintegration of rock; breaking in into smaller and smaller pieces -
✔✔mechanical weathering
1. unloading/sheeting effects
2. tectonic forces
3. cooling joints - ✔✔causes of joints
the process by which rocks break down as a result of chemical reactions -
✔✔chemical weathering
1. solution: dissolving limestone (calcite) by naturally acidic rain water;
forms limestone caves
2. oxidation: rusting of iron-rich minerals
3. hydrolysis: changing feldspar (common minerals) into clay - ✔✔3 classes
of chemical weathering
- most are formed in limestone because it is soluble.
- firstly groundwater dissolves the limestone
- above the water table (where water begins), cave may be dry
2
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
,- features are widen into cavities and caves
- below water table. water further dissolves the material - ✔✔how do caves
form?
- weak bonds such as calcite are soluble and can dissolve (ex. calcite)
- strong bonds are much less soluble (ex. quartz)
- most sandstone is less soluble than quartz - ✔✔chemical bonding on how
minerals weather
running water is the most important geologic agent in eroding on the
Earth's surface
it transports and deposits sediment
nearly every landscape shows signs of stream erosion or deposition -
✔✔why is running water important?
clastic, chemical, organic - ✔✔types of sedimentary rocks
3
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
, - most common sedimentary rock type
- formed from cemented sediment grains that come from pre-existing rocks
(clay, quartz, partially weathered rocks) - ✔✔clastic sedimentary rocks
sedimentary rock that forms when minerals precipitate from a solution or
settle from a suspension
has crystalline textures - ✔✔chemical sedimentary rock
accumulated from the remains of organisms (which construct their shells
from dissolved ions) - ✔✔biochemical/organic sedimentary rocks
coarse sedimentary rock consisting of angular fragments; or rock broken
into angular fragments by faulting
forms near steep mountain and debris flow - ✔✔breccia
conglomerates have rounded clasts, indicating that the sediments were
transported farther from
4
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
