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190 Introduction to Computer Programming using Java Practice Exam

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1. Introduction to Java Programming • Overview of Java programming language o History and evolution of Java o Key features and benefits of Java (e.g., platform independence, object-oriented) o Overview of Java development environment (JDK, IDEs like Eclipse, IntelliJ) o Understanding of Java virtual machine (JVM) and its role • Basic structure of a Java program o Java classes and methods o Syntax and conventions (e.g., case sensitivity, naming conventions, semicolons) o Introduction to the main method • How to compile and run a Java program o Compilation process and interpreting errors o Running a program using command line or an IDE ________________________________________ 2. Java Data Types and Variables • Primitive Data Types in Java o Integer types: byte, short, int, long o Floating-point types: float, double o Character type: char o Boolean type: boolean • Non-primitive Data Types o Strings and arrays • Declaring and initializing variables o Variable naming conventions o Scope and lifetime of variables (local, instance, and class variables) o Constants using final • Type casting and conversion o Implicit and explicit casting o Narrowing and widening conversions • Constants and literals o Literal values in Java o Declaring constants using the final keyword ________________________________________ 3. Control Flow Statements • Decision-making structures o if, if-else, and if-else if statements o Nested if statements o switch statements (including switch with strings) • Looping structures o for loop o while loop o do-while loop • Break and continue statements o Using break to exit loops o Using continue to skip iterations in loops • Error handling in control flow (basic introduction to exception handling) ________________________________________ 4. Methods in Java • Method declaration and definition o Syntax of methods in Java o Method return types and parameters • Method overloading o Purpose of overloading and how it works o Rules for method overloading • Recursion in Java o Understanding recursion o Writing simple recursive functions • Variable argument lists (Varargs) o Syntax of variable-length argument methods o Practical usage of varargs in methods ________________________________________ 5. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Principles • Introduction to OOP o Definition of classes and objects o Class vs. object • Encapsulation o Use of private, public, and protected access modifiers o Getter and setter methods • Inheritance o Inheriting from a superclass o super keyword and constructor chaining o Method overriding • Polymorphism o Compile-time (method overloading) vs runtime (method overriding) polymorphism o Using interfaces for polymorphism • Abstraction o Abstract classes and methods o Interfaces in Java • The this keyword o Referring to instance variables and methods o Using this to resolve name conflicts ________________________________________ 6. Arrays and Collections in Java • Working with arrays o Declaring and initializing arrays o Accessing and modifying array elements o Multidimensional arrays • Array operations o Array length and bounds checking o Common algorithms on arrays (e.g., searching, sorting) • Introduction to Collections framework o Collection vs. arrays o Key interfaces: List, Set, Map • Working with ArrayList, LinkedList, HashSet, HashMap o Adding, removing, and accessing elements in collections o Iterating through collections (using loops, iterators) ________________________________________ 7. String Handling in Java • Introduction to Strings o String literals and the String class o String concatenation and immutable nature of Strings • String methods o Common methods: length(), substring(), charAt(), indexOf(), toUpperCase(), toLowerCase() • String manipulation and operations o String comparison using equals(), compareTo() o Regular expressions with Strings (matches(), replaceAll()) • StringBuilder and StringBuffer o Differences between String, StringBuilder, and StringBuffer o StringBuilder and StringBuffer methods for efficient string manipulation ________________________________________ 8. Exception Handling • Introduction to exceptions o Definition of exceptions and errors o Checked vs unchecked exceptions • try-catch block o Basic syntax and handling exceptions o Multiple catch blocks o Using finally block • Throwing exceptions o throw and throws keywords o Creating custom exceptions • Common exceptions in Java o NullPointerException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, IOException ________________________________________ 9. File Input/Output (I/O) • Introduction to I/O streams o Byte vs character streams o InputStream, OutputStream, Reader, and Writer classes • Reading from and writing to files o Using FileReader, BufferedReader, FileWriter, and BufferedWriter o Reading and writing text files • Handling binary data o Using FileInputStream and FileOutputStream • Exception handling in file operations ________________________________________ 10. Java API and Libraries • Working with the Java Standard Library o Utilizing commonly used Java packages (e.g., , , ) • Introduction to Java Collections Framework o List, Set, and Map interfaces and their implementations • Common utility classes o Math, Date, Random, and System classes • Using Java libraries in your program o Importing and managing libraries and packages o Writing custom utility methods and packages ________________________________________ 11. Basic Algorithms and Problem Solving • Basic algorithmic techniques o Searching algorithms (linear search, binary search) o Sorting algorithms (bubble sort, selection sort, insertion sort) • Problem-solving techniques o Pseudocode, flowcharts, and logical reasoning o Breaking down complex problems into manageable parts • Writing efficient and clean code ________________________________________ 12. Java Development Best Practices • Code readability and style o Proper indentation, naming conventions, and comments • Debugging and testing o Using debugging tools and IDE features o Unit testing basics with JUnit • Code optimization o Reducing complexity and improving performance

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190 introduction to computer programming using jav

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190 Introduction to Computer Programming using Java Practice Exam
Q1: What is the primary role of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) in Java programs?
A. It compiles Java source code into bytecode
B. It converts bytecode into machine-specific instructions at runtime
C. It directly interprets Java source code
D. It links libraries to the Java program
Answer: B
Explanation: The JVM interprets compiled bytecode and converts it into machine-specific
instructions at runtime, enabling platform independence.

Q2: Which component is essential to develop Java programs and includes the compiler and
runtime?
A. JVM
B. JDK
C. JRE
D. IDE
Answer: B
Explanation: The JDK (Java Development Kit) contains the compiler, runtime, and tools
necessary for Java development.

Q3: What is one of the key benefits of Java that allows it to run on multiple platforms?
A. Memory management
B. Platform independence
C. High-level syntax
D. Static typing
Answer: B
Explanation: Java’s platform independence is achieved through the JVM, which abstracts the
underlying hardware.

Q4: Which of the following best describes an IDE such as Eclipse or IntelliJ?
A. A command-line compiler for Java
B. An integrated development environment for writing, testing, and debugging code
C. A virtual machine for executing Java programs
D. A type of Java library
Answer: B
Explanation: An IDE provides a comprehensive environment with tools for writing, compiling,
and debugging code.

Q5: What was the original purpose behind Java’s creation?
A. To build web servers
B. To create interactive web applications
C. To develop embedded systems
D. To replace C++ in desktop applications
Answer: B

,Explanation: Java was originally designed for interactive web applications and has evolved to
support a wide range of application types.

Q6: In Java, what is the significance of case sensitivity in the language?
A. It distinguishes between numeric types
B. It differentiates between classes, methods, and variables
C. It only applies to string literals
D. It automatically converts cases in identifiers
Answer: B
Explanation: Java is case sensitive, meaning that identifiers such as class names, method names,
and variables must match exactly in case.

Q7: What is the starting point method for any standalone Java application?
A. start()
B. run()
C. main()
D. init()
Answer: C
Explanation: The main() method is the entry point for standalone Java applications.

Q8: How do you compile a Java program using the command line?
A. java filename.java
B. compile filename.java
C. javac filename.java
D. run filename.java
Answer: C
Explanation: The command “javac filename.java” compiles the Java source code into bytecode.

Q9: Which tool is used to run a compiled Java program from the command line?
A. javac
B. javadoc
C. java
D. jar
Answer: C
Explanation: The “java” command is used to run the compiled Java bytecode on the JVM.

Q10: What distinguishes Java as an object-oriented programming language?
A. It does not support procedural programming
B. It supports the concepts of classes and objects
C. It only allows static methods
D. It uses pointers for memory management
Answer: B
Explanation: Java supports object-oriented programming through the use of classes and objects,
which encapsulate data and behavior.

,Q11: Which statement correctly describes the history of Java?
A. Java was developed by Microsoft in the early 1990s
B. Java was initially developed for networked consumer devices
C. Java was created as an extension of C++ for system programming
D. Java was first introduced as a scripting language for web pages
Answer: B
Explanation: Java was initially developed by Sun Microsystems for networked devices,
emphasizing portability and security.

Q12: What is a major feature of Java that contributes to its memory management?
A. Automatic garbage collection
B. Manual memory allocation
C. Pointer arithmetic
D. Direct memory manipulation
Answer: A
Explanation: Java handles memory management through automatic garbage collection, reducing
the likelihood of memory leaks.

Q13: What is the benefit of having a well-defined main method in a Java program?
A. It allows for multiple entry points
B. It defines a uniform starting point for execution
C. It enforces strict memory management
D. It compiles the program automatically
Answer: B
Explanation: The main method serves as the uniform entry point for program execution.

Q14: Which feature of Java makes it especially useful for Internet-based applications?
A. Its ability to use pointers
B. Its platform independence
C. Its compiled nature
D. Its command-line interface
Answer: B
Explanation: Platform independence allows Java applications to run on any system with a JVM,
making it ideal for Internet-based applications.

Q15: How does Java’s syntax promote clarity in coding?
A. By using dynamic typing
B. Through strict naming conventions and case sensitivity
C. By omitting semicolons
D. By allowing ambiguous variable names
Answer: B
Explanation: Java enforces naming conventions and case sensitivity to improve code readability
and reduce errors.

Q16: What is the role of the Java compiler?
A. It executes the program

, B. It translates source code into bytecode
C. It links multiple Java programs
D. It interprets machine code
Answer: B
Explanation: The Java compiler converts human-readable source code into bytecode that can be
executed by the JVM.

Q17: Which component of the Java development environment is responsible for error
detection during compilation?
A. The JVM
B. The JDK’s compiler
C. The IDE’s debugger
D. The runtime system
Answer: B
Explanation: The compiler in the JDK checks for syntax and semantic errors during the
compilation process.

Q18: What does the term “platform independence” in Java mean?
A. Java code runs without any external libraries
B. Java programs can run on any device with a compatible JVM
C. Java only runs on a single operating system
D. Java automatically converts code to the host language
Answer: B
Explanation: Platform independence means that Java code, compiled to bytecode, can run on any
system that has a compatible JVM.

Q19: What type of file is produced after compiling a Java program?
A. .java file
B. .exe file
C. .class file
D. .jar file
Answer: C
Explanation: The compilation of a Java source file (.java) results in a bytecode file with a .class
extension.

Q20: Which statement about Java’s evolution is correct?
A. Java was originally designed to replace assembly language
B. Java has remained unchanged since its inception
C. Java has evolved with regular updates to support modern programming practices
D. Java initially targeted only desktop applications
Answer: C
Explanation: Java has evolved through regular updates, adding new features to meet modern
programming demands.

Q21: Which of the following is a primitive data type in Java?
A. String

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