MCB 4403 Exam 3 questions and
answers A+ rated
photoautotroph - correct answer ✔✔Energy source: light
Carbon source: CO2
Ex: Oxygenic: Cyanobacteria, plants.
Anoxygenic: Green, purple bacteria.
photoheterotroph - correct answer ✔✔Energy source: light
Carbon source: organic compounds
Ex: Green, purple no sulfur bacteria.
chemoautotroph - correct answer ✔✔Energy source: Chemicals
Carbon source: CO2
Ex: Iron-oxidizing bacteria.
chemoheterotroph - correct answer ✔✔Energy source: chemical
Carbon source: organic compounds
Ex: Fermentative bacteria.
Animals, protozoa, fungi, bacteria.
metabolism - correct answer ✔✔the sum of the chemical reactions in an organism
catabolism - correct answer ✔✔-the energy-using processes
-breaking down molecules for energy
,-provides the building blocks and energy for anabolism
anabolism - correct answer ✔✔-the energy-using processes
-using energy yo build cell components
ribose, adenine, and 3 phosphate groups - correct answer ✔✔what is ATP made of?
oxidation - correct answer ✔✔removal of electrons
reduction - correct answer ✔✔gain of electrons
redox reaction - correct answer ✔✔an oxidation reaction paired with a reduction reaction
they are often dehydrogenations - correct answer ✔✔how are biological oxidations usually?
phosphorylation - correct answer ✔✔how is ATP made from ADP?
oxidative phosphorylation - correct answer ✔✔energy released from transfer of electrons
(oxidation) of one compound to another (reduction) is used to generate ATP in the electron
transport chain
photophosphorylation - correct answer ✔✔light causes chlorophyll to give up electrons. energy
released from transfer of electrons (oxidation) of chlorophyll through a system of carrier
molecules is used to generate ATP
Gibbs free ENERGY - correct answer ✔✔DeltaG = DeltaH -TDeltaS
,H=change in enthalpy (release of heat)
S=change of entropy
biological catalyst - correct answer ✔✔specific for a chemical reaction; not used up in that
reaction
apoenzyme - correct answer ✔✔protein
cofactor - correct answer ✔✔nonprotein component
holoenzyme - correct answer ✔✔apoenzyme plus cofactor
coenzyme - correct answer ✔✔organic cofactor
NAD+ - correct answer ✔✔Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NADP+ - correct answer ✔✔Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
FAD - correct answer ✔✔Flavin adenine dinucleoide
metabolic pathway - correct answer ✔✔a sequence of enzymatically catalyzed chemical
reactions in a cell
-determined by enzymes
-are regulated
enzymes - correct answer ✔✔proteins which are encoded by genes
, carbohydrate catabolism - correct answer ✔✔-the breakdown of carbohydrates to release
energy
- glycolysis
glycolysis - correct answer ✔✔the oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid produes ATP and NADH
preparatory stage - correct answer ✔✔-2 ATPs are used
-glucose is split to form 2 glucose-3-phosphate
energy-conserving stage - correct answer ✔✔-2 glucose-3-phosphate oxidized to 2 pyruvic acid
-4 ATP produced
-2 NADH produced
electron transport chain-Chemiosmosis - correct answer ✔✔-a series of carrier molecules that
are, in turn, oxidized and reduced as electrons are passed down the chain
-energy released can be used to produce ATP by chemiosmosis
-it's located on the cytoplasmic membrane in prokaryotes and mitochondrial inner membrane
in eukaryotes
inner cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and archaea? - correct answer ✔✔where does
electron transport occur in bacteria and archaea?
inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplasts - correct answer ✔✔where does electron
transport occur in mitochondria and chloroplasts?
aerobic respiration - correct answer ✔✔in this respiration the the final electron acceptor in the
electron transport chain is molecular oxygen (O2)
answers A+ rated
photoautotroph - correct answer ✔✔Energy source: light
Carbon source: CO2
Ex: Oxygenic: Cyanobacteria, plants.
Anoxygenic: Green, purple bacteria.
photoheterotroph - correct answer ✔✔Energy source: light
Carbon source: organic compounds
Ex: Green, purple no sulfur bacteria.
chemoautotroph - correct answer ✔✔Energy source: Chemicals
Carbon source: CO2
Ex: Iron-oxidizing bacteria.
chemoheterotroph - correct answer ✔✔Energy source: chemical
Carbon source: organic compounds
Ex: Fermentative bacteria.
Animals, protozoa, fungi, bacteria.
metabolism - correct answer ✔✔the sum of the chemical reactions in an organism
catabolism - correct answer ✔✔-the energy-using processes
-breaking down molecules for energy
,-provides the building blocks and energy for anabolism
anabolism - correct answer ✔✔-the energy-using processes
-using energy yo build cell components
ribose, adenine, and 3 phosphate groups - correct answer ✔✔what is ATP made of?
oxidation - correct answer ✔✔removal of electrons
reduction - correct answer ✔✔gain of electrons
redox reaction - correct answer ✔✔an oxidation reaction paired with a reduction reaction
they are often dehydrogenations - correct answer ✔✔how are biological oxidations usually?
phosphorylation - correct answer ✔✔how is ATP made from ADP?
oxidative phosphorylation - correct answer ✔✔energy released from transfer of electrons
(oxidation) of one compound to another (reduction) is used to generate ATP in the electron
transport chain
photophosphorylation - correct answer ✔✔light causes chlorophyll to give up electrons. energy
released from transfer of electrons (oxidation) of chlorophyll through a system of carrier
molecules is used to generate ATP
Gibbs free ENERGY - correct answer ✔✔DeltaG = DeltaH -TDeltaS
,H=change in enthalpy (release of heat)
S=change of entropy
biological catalyst - correct answer ✔✔specific for a chemical reaction; not used up in that
reaction
apoenzyme - correct answer ✔✔protein
cofactor - correct answer ✔✔nonprotein component
holoenzyme - correct answer ✔✔apoenzyme plus cofactor
coenzyme - correct answer ✔✔organic cofactor
NAD+ - correct answer ✔✔Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NADP+ - correct answer ✔✔Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
FAD - correct answer ✔✔Flavin adenine dinucleoide
metabolic pathway - correct answer ✔✔a sequence of enzymatically catalyzed chemical
reactions in a cell
-determined by enzymes
-are regulated
enzymes - correct answer ✔✔proteins which are encoded by genes
, carbohydrate catabolism - correct answer ✔✔-the breakdown of carbohydrates to release
energy
- glycolysis
glycolysis - correct answer ✔✔the oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid produes ATP and NADH
preparatory stage - correct answer ✔✔-2 ATPs are used
-glucose is split to form 2 glucose-3-phosphate
energy-conserving stage - correct answer ✔✔-2 glucose-3-phosphate oxidized to 2 pyruvic acid
-4 ATP produced
-2 NADH produced
electron transport chain-Chemiosmosis - correct answer ✔✔-a series of carrier molecules that
are, in turn, oxidized and reduced as electrons are passed down the chain
-energy released can be used to produce ATP by chemiosmosis
-it's located on the cytoplasmic membrane in prokaryotes and mitochondrial inner membrane
in eukaryotes
inner cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and archaea? - correct answer ✔✔where does
electron transport occur in bacteria and archaea?
inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplasts - correct answer ✔✔where does electron
transport occur in mitochondria and chloroplasts?
aerobic respiration - correct answer ✔✔in this respiration the the final electron acceptor in the
electron transport chain is molecular oxygen (O2)
