BIO 256 Exam 1 (Questions and Answers) Updated version

BIO 256 Exam 1 (Questions and Answers) Updated version Which of the following would NOT be a necessary life function? decay Which of the following statements is MOST CORRECT in reference to homeostatic imbalance? It is considered the cause of most diseases Which would be a normal measure of arterial blood pH? 7.43 Which would be a NORMAL measure of oxygen in arterial blood? 18.1 ml/100ml One example of positive feedback is: oxytocin release during childbirth Which body fluid compartment drains fluid from between cells, returning it to the blood? lymph Which organ would get the least amount of body flow during the running of a marathon? small intestine Which is a major element of the human body? carbon Which is an inorganic molecule? NaCl Water does NOT dissolve triglycerides Which releases OH- in water? bases Which pH would be considered alkaline? pH 9.6 If you add a small amount of vinegar (a weak acid) to a buffer, the buffer's pH will stay the same When molecules have the same chemical formula, arranged in the same sequence, but differing only in their spatial orientation of key function groups, producing D-isomers and L-isomers they are called stereoisomers Fatty acids and glycerol are parts of phospholipids The components of phospholipids include glycerol, fatty acids and a phosphate group Monounsaturated fats have ___ double bonds one Which is part differing in the various amino acids? side chain (-R) We have a much greater variety of proteins than polysaccharides in the body, mainly because there are 20 different amino acid building blocks from which protein molecules are made Which is NOT a function of proteins? provide genetic code Which contains your genetic inheritance from your parents? DNA Transcription produces RNA Which is the RNA that brings amino acids to the ribosome where proteins are made? tRNA Messenger RNA carries genetic information from the chromosomes to the ____ ribosome If you see polyribosomes when you observe a cell using an electron microscope of the cell making a lot of certain protein Which is NOT a reason why you and your cells age? genes shorten until they no longer function If the products of a chemical reaction contain MORE total energy than the reactants, the reaction must be endergonic The "lock and key model" of enzyme function describes the specific fit of a substrate to its particular enzyme How do defects in the same metabolic pathway result in different symptoms in different individuals? different enzymes may be defective in the same metabolic pathway resulting in different diseases An atom or molecule has been oxidized when it has lost some electrons Which of the following statements describes the role of the electron transport chain? the electron transport chain produces NAD All of the following are formed as a result of the electron transport chain EXCEPT Carbon Dioxide To obtain metabolic energy from glycogen, you must first break the molecule into glucose units The favored fuel of the liver is fatty acids When cells move substances in vesicles into the extracellular space it is called exocytosis Red blood cells placed in a hypotonic solution will exhibit hemolysis Intracellular and extracellular fluids are separated by plasma membrane What is the major cause of the underlying rapid aging disease, Progeria? A single nucleotide change in the LMNA gene sequence leads to an error in mRNA splicing and a defective nuclear protein Typical energetic barriers to biological chemical reactions in the human body include: reactions that are endergonic or have high activation energy Which best describes the membranes of your cells? phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins and cholesterol When an organ regulates its activity by mechanisms entirely within the organ itself, this is called intrinsic regulation Which releases H+ in water? acids Which is composed of glycerol and fatty acids? glycerolipids Which of the following composes the bulk of the cell membrane? phospholipids The nitrogenous base in DNA not found in RNA is thymine Translation is best defined as synthesis of specific proteins from the mRNA base sequence code RNA is made by ____, proteins are made by ______ transcription, translation The normal pH inside your stomach is acidic, and thus lower than 7 Exergonic reactions drive endergonic reactions because all energy transfers lose some free energy as unusable heat Which of the following represents the reduced form of a coenzyme? FADH2 In addition to ATP what are the final products of aerobic respiration CO2 and H2O With anaerobic respiration in humans, glucose metabolism results in the production of lactic acid Where does the Kreb's cycle occur in the mitochondrial matrix When a gated channel opens in response to a stimulus, allowing sodium ions to flow with their concentration gradient into a cell, this is an example of facilitated diffusion Anticodons would be found in tRNA What causes two different cells in one individual to display different characteristics? different genes are expressed In a negative feedback loop used to maintain homeostasis, which of the following terms is NOT likely to be used? hypothesis Which is the fluid found between cells in your tissues, but not in your blood? interstitial fluid Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms? Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body. Water is an especially good solvent for biological molecules because it is polar If solution A has 100 times the hydrogen ions as solution B and solution B has a pH of 6.0, then solution A will have a pH equal to 4.0 Glycogen is composed of chains and branches of glucose units The components of sterols include Four carbon rings with a hydrocarbon tail Which is NOT a part of an amino acid? ribose All but one of these is required to allow genetic information to dictate a protein's primary sequence. Which is NOT directly involved in getting genetic information from DNA to a protein being made? DNA polymerase Which is NOT a function of membranes? storage of glycogen Phenylketonuria (PKU) occurs when there is a hereditary defect in an enzyme. Which of the following represents the reduced form of a coenzyme? FADH2 Reactions releasing energy are usually called catabolic reactions. All but one of these is required to allow genetic information to dictate a protein's primary sequence. Which is NOT directly involved in getting genetic information from DNA to a protein being made? DNA polymerase