NR 601 FINAL EXAM | UPDATED AND VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (2025).

The most critical course of action in restorative drying is to _______ ______ and begin __________ as soon as possible. respond quickly & mitigation All restorers should follow the standard of care for the water restoration profession developed by the restoration industry entitled the IICRC ____. S500 To help protect technicians from the many hazards associated with contaminated water losses, restorers need to have ready access to several items. These items protect for all _________ _________ to the body. potential exposures Respiratory protection regulations state that the employer must provide: 1. Medical evaluations 2. Fit testing 3. Training The contract clearly states the agreement between the building owner and the restoration contractor. The form specifies who is responsible for payment and should be signed ______ work begins. before The technicians first responsibility when arriving at a water damage site is to identify, communicate, and eliminate ______ _______ if reasonably possible. safety hazards Federal regulations apply to the handling of ____ based paint and asbestos. lead After safety concerns have been addressed and the initial water source has been stopped, the restorer must complete an evaluation of the water's migration through the structure. During this process, the restorer inspects all ___________ ________ areas. potentially affected The ultimate goal is to find the "edge" of water migration, which moves in a three-dimensional path throughout the structure. This is accomplished across carpeted surfaces using a ________ ______, and across most hard surfaces using a ___-________ (non-penetrating) moisture meter. moisture sensor & non-invasive Water from a clean source with no substantial risk of causing sickness of discomfort is said to be ________ _ water. Category 1 Water that has a significant degree of chemical, biological, and/or physical contamination and a potential to cause sickness or discomfort is ________ _. Category 2 Cleaning procedures must be employed before the drying of a Category 2 water loss can continue. At a minimum, affected ______ ________ (or pad) must be removed and disposed of, and carpet must be throughly cleaned using hot water extraction method. carpet underlay When water intrusion results from a grossly unsanitary source or carries __________ (disease causing) agents, it is said to be Category 3. pathogenic Workers and occupant ______ and safety are the first priority on every sewage loss. Areas affected by Category 3 water intrusion are marked and posted as potentially hazardous. health Various cleaning and decontamination procedures must be used on Category 3 water losses, including the removal of all ______ ______ materials affected by the water intrusion. highly porous When resistance is encountered and performing proper services in a Category 3 water loss becomes a challenge, restorers ____ ____ immediately to prevent liability and address the conflict. stop work Third party experts are commonly referred to as Indoor Environmental Professionals, or ____. IEPs Losses where regulated or hazardous materials have contaminated the structure do not change the _______ of water. category Pre-existing conditions should be identified, documented, and communicated to all __________ __________ parties during the initial inspection. materially interested When carpet delamination (the loss of integrity in the adhesives used to laminate the _______ and _________ backings) has occurred, further damage is very likely. For this reason, when extensive carpet delamintation is discovered, technicians must call it to the attention of all materially interested parties, document the condition and suggest ___________. primary, secondary, & replacement There are a number of causes for carpet delamination -- many of them related to ________ restoration activities. improper Typical causes of carpet delamination are: 1. Folding or stretching carpet when wet 2. Overly aggressive extraction 3. Improperly specified carpet underlay 4. Improper installation 5. Improper removal from tack strip 6. Improper floating of carpet 7. Excessive wear 8. Pet damage Many building materials will absorb excess water vapor and suffer damage, especially when air is allowed to remain above __% relative humidity. 60 Hygroscopic materials gain and lose moisture continually in an effort to ________ with the water content in the surrounding air mass. The more hygroscopic the material, the faster it will collect water vapor, and the easier it will suffer _________ damage. equalize & secondary When water intrusion results in water running through wall cavities, inspection access holes are used to ensure that blow-in insulation has not compacted and lost its _-_____. R-Value The most effective way to speed the drying process is to remove as much of the water in a liquid state as possible during the ___________ phase (for example, multiple extractions). Poor extraction will significantly slow the drying process. extraction Abide by local ____ and regulations when disposing extracted water. Waste water is best disposed of into a sanitary sewer. laws The primary goal of the initial extraction of the affected area is to contain further _________ of the water within the structure. migration Whenever carpet must be disengaged from the tackless strip, a ____ ______ and carpet awl must be used. knee kicker The majority of cushion has a skin or mesh on the top side. The purpose of this skin is to ease ______ __________ during installation; it is not a vapor barrier. carpet stretching If the carpet is to be re-installed, technicians should avoid cutting carpet seams unless it is absolutely _________. necessary Every cubic foot of standing water present in a structure contains _.__ gallons (28.3 liters), and each gallon (3.8 liters) of water weighs 8.34 pounds (3.8 kg). 7.48 There are 3 levels of biocidal activity, according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): 1. Sanitizer (reduces pathogens to a safe level) 2. Disinfectant (destroys microorganisms, but not spores) 3. Sterilizer (destroys microorganisms, including their spores) Whenever a chemical antimicrobial or biocide is used, restorers must follow the label __________ explicitly. directions Most antimicrobials require that the area of application be vacated by _________ and pets during application and for a period fo time after application. occupants Establishing a ___ ________ is the best way to set restorative drying goals. A dry standard is established by obtaining a moisture reading using an __________ material. dry standard & unaffected The numerical value form a moisture meter can be documented and used to monitor progress. for this reason, the amount of moisture absorbed by semi-porous structural materials is measured most accurately with a moisture _____, not a moisture sensor. meter Because of their non-invasive nature and quick surveying capabilities, non-invasive meters are the most effective tools for locating abnormal moisture behind and beneath finishing materials such as _______ ____ and resilient _____ floor coverings. ceramic tile & vinyl A thermo-hygrometer is used to monitor any air that can influence the ___________ and/or ________ ________ with a restorative drying environment. temperature & relative humidity To evaluate the progress of structural drying projects, restorers should measure: 1. moisture in __________ being dried (moisture content readings) 2. ___ being used to dry affected materials (psychrometric readings) 3. ___ produced by mechanical systems (dehumidifiers) materials, air, & air Evaporation will increase when: 1. Wet materials are made warmer. 2. When drier air is used. 3. When air is moved more rapidly across the wet surface. After excess water has been extracted, the time needed to dry wet materials is determined by the ____ __ ___________. rate of evaporation As the water is rapidly evaporated, the water vapor is removed by ________________ or ___________. dehumidification & ventilation ___________ occurs when liquid changes to a vapor. Occurs as energy is increased. Evaporation As moisture evaporates from a wet material, the surface of the material becomes ______ because energy is released from the material. cooler ____________ occurs when vapor changes to a liquid. Occurs as every is removed. Condensation ___________ occurs when a solid changes to a vapor (without going through a liquid phase.) Sublimation Freeze drying (sublimation) is typically used with valuable saturated books and documents. Books and documents saturated with clean water may be restorable if: ______ or _____ as quickly as possible. Frozen & dried ________ ________ is defined as the amount of moisture contained in an air sample, as compared to the maximum amount the air could hold at that temperature. Relative humidity (RH) When the air temperature increases, it can hold ____ water vapor. more In the restorative drying industry the weight measurement used to measure water vapor in air is grains per pound of air, abbreviated as GPP. This is called ________ _____. humidity ration Which of these surface temperatures would promote the most rapid evaporation? A. 60 degrees B. 70 degrees C. 80 degrees C. 80 degrees If a material is not drying well, what would be the most effective method of increasing evaporation? A. Use air filtration B. Warm the material C. Add more airflow B. Warm the material One of the most effective methods of drying wet wood under hard surfaces is: A. Heated airflow B. Demolition of the wood C. Negative air pressure A. Heated airflow ___ _____ is the temperature at which air becomes saturated with moisture and can hold no more water vapor. Dew point When air is cooled, its capacity for water vapor is reduced. Eventually, if temperature is cooled enough, the relative humidity will reach ___% or saturation. When this occurs, the air has reached its ___ point temperature. 100% & dew If surfaces are ______ that the dew point of the surrounding air, water will condense on those surfaces and possibly cause secondary damage. If surfaces are ______ that the dew point of the surrounding air, evaporation can occur. cooler & warmer _____ ________ is the force exerted by a gas (vapor molecules) on the surrounding environment. Vapor pressure Vapor pressure, dew point, and humidity ration (GPP) are ________ _______ to each other. When one increases, the other two ________. When one decreases, the other two ________. directly related, increase, & decrease Water vapor pressure is the force that drives higher concentrations of humidity from one space to another in an attempt to seek ___________ with lower concentrations of water vapor. equilibrium The ability for water vapor to diffuse through a solid material is expressed as the materials _________. permeance 3 drying systems: 1. Open- intentionally using outdoor air 2. Closed- using mechanical dehumidification only 3. Combination- using outdoor air combined with mechanical dehumidification If open drying is determined appropriate, the following options are available to the restorer: 1. Using ventilation 2. Opening windows 3. Install fans to create pressure differentials and air exchanges ___________ drying systems merge the benefits of both open and closed drying: the use of available, dry air from outside and the control offered by a closed system and mechanical dehumidification. Combination Elevating the temperature of a material will increase the _____ ________ associated with the moisture in the material. vapor pressure If the surface temperature of the material is higher than the ___ point temperature of the surrounding air, evaporation may occur. dew Which of these surface temperature would have the fastest rate of evaporation? A. 10 degrees below dew point B. 20 degrees above dew point C. 30 degrees above dew point C. 30 degrees above dew point (the higher the better) Class 1 water intrusions involve the _____ amount of water absorption, with less than _% of the area surfaces being wet porous materials. least & 5 Class 2 water intrusions involve a ___________ amount of water absorption, with more that _% but less than __% of area surfaces being wet porous materials. significant, 5, & 40 Class 3 water intrusions involve the ________ amount of water absorption, with more than __% of area surfaces being wet porous materials. greatest & 40 Wet materials present in a Class 4 water intrusion require a ______ time to dry. Water has saturated deeply into the materials and is held or trapped as bound water. Low evaporation materials have ___________ absorption water. longer &significant Restorers must maintain their safety certified equipment properly. This includes replacing _____ that are damaged, replacing damaged inlet and outlet _______, and checking for _______ electrical plugs. cords, screens, & damaged Install _ air mover for each ________ area before you calculate additional air movers for the square feet of surfaces and for room offsets. 1 & affected Dehumidification reduces the ________ content of the air. moisture A balanced drying system is achieved when the rate of dehumidification is greater than or equal to the rate of ___________. evaporation If the rate of evaporation is allowed to exceed the rate of dehumidification, _________ ______ can occur. secondary damage Refrigerant dehumidifiers remove water form the air through the process of ____________. Because of this fact, they are more efficient in higher humidity conditions. Refrigerant dehumidifiers work best between __ degrees and __ degrees. condensation, 70, & 90 Conventional refrigerant dehumidifiers under normal temperatures are effective in reducing high humidity to a normal level - approximately 40% RH, or about __ GPP. 55 LGRs produce lower _____ _________ than conventional refrigerants and continue to remove significant water vapor down to __ GPP. vapor pressure & 34 Because desiccant dehumidifiers do not use condensation to remove water, they are not limited by low dew point temperatures; therefore, they produce the lowest _____ ________ of any dehumidifier. vapor pressure If a structure had affected air at 85 degrees at 65% RH, the most efficient type of dehumidifier to use would be a : Refrigerant or Desiccant Refrigerant If a structure had affected air at 75 degrees at 25% RH, the most efficient type of dehumidifier to use would be a : Refrigerant or Desiccant Desiccant If a structure cannot be warmed to a temperature where LGRs would be effective, the most efficient type of dehumidification to use would be: Refrigerant or Desiccant Desiccant Air filtration devices (AFDs) are needed in water restoration work whenever high level of ____________ are being added to the air. particulates Cupping will generally be the first indication of abnormal moisture levels in hardwood flooring as the ______ and sides of the board absorb moisture. bottom Cupping in hardwood is not _________ damage, and should be dried in most cases. permanent _______ represents the "was-wood" material with the least engineering, and thus the most natural fiber bonding. It is _________ to swelling and delamination due to its wood veneer assemblies which are glued under extreme pressure. Plywood & resistant Wet particle board would normally be _______ and replaced removed Plastic Laminate Flooring is made of MDF and has a resin saturated appearance layer. Normally _______ in water restoration due to its construction and installation components. removed Remove the vinyl (flooring) and discard it if the ____________ is saturated and/or damaged; vinyl is a vapor barrier and the time required to dry underlayment will be dramatically reduced if the vinyl is removed. underlayment Partial floating of carpet can be a way to achieve drying of all surfaces simultaneously and allows ____ dry air to have more contact with wet flooring. warm During the drying process, all of the gypsum's original strength is restored. In fact, the dried gypsum will normally be slightly ________ that before wetting. stronger In structures where the surface of the wall is covered with a non-_________ surface as a vapor barrier, it may be necessary to removed base molding, drill holes and introduce air movement. permeable Airflow in the wall cavity increases the rate of ___________ and allows the wall to dry from both inside and out. evaporation When ceilings are affected, drying procedures are similar to wall drying. If the ceiling is sagging or otherwise damaged, wet drywall is drained, _______, and _________. removed & discarded Specific types of secondary damages associated with contents are typically: 1. Staining 2. Swelling 3. Color transfer 4. Delamination of surface/finished material Inspections are more consistent when the overall goals are kept in mind: a. Determine how wet items are: -Monitor _____ in most circumstances. -Use the same ______ in the same locations each day. b. Determine if wet items are ______. c. Determine if ________ items are dry (done). daily, meters, drying, & affected Restorers will know the drying job is dry and done when moisture meters verify that the structure has reached the ______ _____. drying goals Moisture documentation of restoration work should include each of the following components: a. Record of ________ Content (RMC) b. Moisture Map - a diagram or sketch indication the boundaries and moisture level of the affected area c. Record of ______ Conditions (RDC), or Daily Humidity Record. Moisture & Drying Once it has been determined that the floor can be salvaged by in-place drying, the first step is to determine a ______ ____ for the hardwood and subfloor. drying goal The wood is considered dry when: a. Hardwood and subsurfaces are within _-_ percentage points of normal Equilibrium Moisture Content (Dry Standard). b. Subsurfaces below hardwood are dried to within _-_ percentage points of the hardwood. c. After wood flooring has been dried to acceptable moisture content, appropriate ___________ time should be allowed before refinishing. 2 - 4, 2 - 4, & acclimation The best way to prevent odors and retard microbial growth in a wet structure is to ensure that all materials are dried _________ and _______. thoroughly & rapidly When the presence of mold is suspected, it is important to communicated with all parties and used appropriate __________ measures. protective As with any contaminant, mold should be removed or contained before any air movers are placed in the structure. Blowing air can spread mold spores from the ____________ area to the __________ rooms. contaminated & unaffected Dry rot (wood rot) can occur when wood is visibly dry yet wetter than __% moisture content. 20 Restorers must use a third party (IEP) in situations that involve severe public health issues, ____ ____ occupants living or working in the structure, or extensive _________ contamination that can affect worker or occupant health. high risk & microbial