Chemistry class 12th Products_of_Electrolysis

Products of Electrolysis


### Introduction to Electrolysis Products
The products of electrolysis depend on the electrolyte, electrodes, and applied voltage. During
electrolysis,
ions migrate to the electrodes, where oxidation and reduction occur, producing different substances.


### Factors Affecting Electrolysis Products
Several factors influence the products of electrolysis, including:
1. **Nature of the Electrolyte** - Whether it is a molten salt or an aqueous solution.
2. **Electrode Material** - Some electrodes (e.g., platinum, graphite) are inert, while others
participate in reactions.
3. **Concentration of Ions** - The concentration of competing ions affects which ions are
discharged.
4. **Voltage Applied** - A higher voltage may cause secondary reactions to occur.


### Electrolysis of Different Electrolytes


#### 1. Electrolysis of Molten Electrolytes
Molten salts contain only one type of cation and anion. The products are:
- **Molten NaCl (Sodium chloride):**
- At Cathode: Na+ + e- -> Na (Sodium metal)
- At Anode: 2Cl- -> Cl2 + 2e- (Chlorine gas)


- **Molten Al2O3 (Aluminum oxide):**
- At Cathode: Al3+ + 3e- -> Al (Aluminum metal)
- At Anode: 2O2- -> O2 + 4e- (Oxygen gas)


#### 2. Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions
In aqueous solutions, water can also be oxidized or reduced, leading to different products.


- **Electrolysis of Brine (Concentrated NaCl Solution):**
- At Cathode: 2H2O + 2e- -> H2 + 2OH- (Hydrogen gas)
- At Anode: 2Cl- -> Cl2 + 2e- (Chlorine gas)
- **Product:** Hydrogen, Chlorine, and Sodium Hydroxide


- **Electrolysis of Copper(II) Sulfate Solution (CuSO4):**