Edexcel A-Level History- India Questions and Answers Well Definied

Outcome of the Indian Councils Act 1909 - ANSWERSReforms agreed by John Mosley and Lord Minto. 60 Indian Representatives were to be elected to serve on the Viceroy's Executive Council - 27 of these were to be elected from territorial constituencies and special interest groups. Separate electorates for Muslims and Hindus. Morley viewed these reforms as a significant step towards colonial self-government. Minto, viewed the reforms as defensive action. How many Indians had been recruited by 1918? - ANSWERS1.5 million in both combat and non-combat roles How many Indians had enlisted for ww1 by 1918? - ANSWERS827,000 How many Indians died in WW1? - ANSWERS64,500 Number in average Indian Battalion in WW1 - ANSWERS764 fighting men How many of the princely states put their armies as the disposal of the British in WW1? - ANSWERS27 of the largest Princely States War loans from India after WW1... - ANSWERS£35.5 million in 1917 and a further £38 million in 1918 After WW1, by how much did Indian made goods rise by in price? - ANSWERS60% After WW1, By how much did Imported goods increase by in price? - ANSWERS190% By what percentage did the price of food grain rise by after WW1? - ANSWERS93% Effects of Failure of Monsoon Rain - ANSWERSGrain shortages and famine By the end of the war, how much had Indian revenues contributed to the Allied War effort? - ANSWERS£146 million There was not a single British Battalion left in India by... - ANSWERS1915- This would have made any uprising very hard to manage. The Montagu Declaration - ANSWERS20th August 1917 Aims and Intentions of the Montagu Declaration - ANSWERSAimed to increase involvement of Indians in Government. Implicitly committed the British to some form of self-governance in India. No timescale- ended by stating that Montagu would visit India to take soundings and this, indeed, he did. When did Edward Montagu travel around India? - ANSWERSNovember 1917 - May 1918 Michael O' Dwyer, governor of the Punjab - ANSWERSWas adamantly opposed to anymore Indian participation in Government. When did the Rowlatt Commission take place? - ANSWERS1917 and then reported in July 1918 What was the Purpose of the Rowlatt commission? - ANSWERSTo investigate revolutionary conspiracies What did the Rowlatt Commission find? - ANSWERSIsolated Bengal, Bombay and the Punjab as centres of revolutionary activity. What did the Rowlatt Commission recommend? - ANSWERSThat the old war time controls should be continued in order to control the situation- Included imprisonment without trial, trials for judges sitting without a jury, censorship and house arrests for suspects. When did the Rowlatt Acts become law? - ANSWERSMarch 1919 When was the Rowlatt Act repealed? - ANSWERS1922 How many Indians on the Indian legislative council opposed the Rowlatt Act? - ANSWERSAll 22 members, but they were outvoted, Jinnah resigned from the council. What gatherings had been happening before the Amritsar Massacre? - ANSWERSIn the Punjab and Amritsar, Hartals were organised for 30th March and 6th April 1919 What happened during the Hartals of 1919? - ANSWERSBanks were stormed, buildings fired at and 3 Europeans killed. Maria Sheerwood beaten and left for dead. Amritsar Massacre Date - ANSWERS12th April 1919 Baisakhi Day (Most important religious festival in the Punjab) - ANSWERS13th April 1919 How many people ignored the curfew in the Punjab? - ANSWERSBetween 10,000 and 20,000 How many round of ammunition were fired during the Amritsar massacre? - ANSWERSFired 1,650 rounds of ammunition in 10-15 mins How many people were killed during the Amritsar Massacre? - ANSWERS400 How many people were injured during the Amritsar massacre? - ANSWERS1,500 What was involved in Dyer's Marshall Law in 1919? - ANSWERS'Salaam' a greeting followed by a low bow. Public floggings and a crawling order (Particularly offensive to Hindus because of their caste system). What was the Montagu- Chelmsford Report? - ANSWERSFleshed out the Montagu declaration of 1917 When did the Montagu-Chelmsford report become law? - ANSWERSBecame law as the Government of India Act in December 1919 Contents of the Government of India Act 1919 - ANSWERSThe Act created a Dyarchy, a division of power(an unequal one) between Indians and the British. The Viceroy was to be advised by a council of 6 civilians, 3 of whom had to be Indians, and the commander -in- chief of the British Army in India. The viceroy could enforce laws even of the legislative councils rejected them and he could choose his own officials. The Provincial and central legislative councils were enlarged. The provincial councils were given control over Indian education, agriculture, health, local self-government and public works. The British retained control over military matters, foreign affairs, currency, communication and criminal law. What date did both the Muslim League and Congress hold sessions in Bombay and commit to self-government - ANSWERSDecember 1915 Lucknow Pact - ANSWERS1916 What was the Lucknow Pact? - ANSWERSA pact whereby it was agreed that the number of Muslims in the provincial legislatures should be laid down province by province and that there should be separate electorates for all communities- Therefore, Muslims felt assured and that they were able to work with Congress. The Home Rule Leagues - ANSWERS1916 - there were two; one led by Tilak and one led by Annie Besant (All India Home Rule League) Details about Tilak's Home Rule Movement - ANSWERSOperated in Western India and gained 32,000 members What were the aims of the Home Rule Leagues - ANSWERSHome Rule League did not mean separation from Britain- simply focused on Domestic policy. When did Jinnah join the All- India Home Rule League? - ANSWERS1917 Tilak's arrest - ANSWERSTilak was arrested for sedition and required to put up 40,000 rupees as surety of good behaviour. When was Annie Besant Confined? - ANSWERSJune 1917 Membership of Congress in 1921 - ANSWERS2 million Why did a large number of Muslims leave Congress after WW1? - ANSWERSA large number of Muslims left because of what they regarded as Gandhi's failure to support them over their concerns about the break-up of the Islamic Ottoman Empire after WW1. Revitalisation of structure of Congress in 1920 - ANSWERSMembership of All- Indian Congress Committee was increased from 161 to 350 and seats were re-allocated on a regional population basis. Additional 100 provincial councils set up. Emphasis put on recruiting women. On his release from prison, Gandhi set up a new unit within the All-Indian Congress Committee; this was the Congress Working Committee and its job was to formulate policy. The concept of Satyagraha - ANSWERS'Truth' and 'Obstinacy' What did Gandhi advocate for? - ANSWERSAdvocated non-violent but active non-cooperation, removing children from school. The Three things that led Gandhi to develop the idea of self rule in India - ANSWERSRowlatt Acts (saw them as suppressive) Amritsar Massacre 1919 and the Paris Peace Conference which made Turkey pay huge reparations - upset Muslims and furthered separateness. When did Gandhi become the leading Indian Politician? - ANSWERS1920 What did non-cooperation entail? - ANSWERSBoycott elections (e.g. In 1920, a large number of voters stayed away from elections), Remove children from government schools, Refuse social invitations from the Raj, Boycott the Law Courts, Withhold taxes, Refuse to buy imported goods. Issue with Satyagraha - ANSWERSMany used Satyagraha's to pursue their own agendas causing violence e.g. a Hartal in Bombay turned into four days of looting and rioting, leaving 53 dead and hundreds injured. Chauri Chaura - ANSWERSDuring a Hartal in 1922, a mob of congress supporters torched a Police Station in Chauri Chaura, burning alive 22 Indian Policemen. Gandhi Arrested in 1922 - ANSWERSCharged with promoting disaffection with the legally established government- 6 years imprisonment.