MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS FINAL
EXAM GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
3 major types of RNA. The RNA that serves as a template during translation is the -
ANSWER-mRNA
What is true about RNA splicing - ANSWER-Introns snipped out and discarded, eons
are spliced together
In addition to splicing, RNA transcripts are subject to two additional processing
events known as: - ANSWER-Capping and polyadenylation
Organelle in cell that is the site of translation: - ANSWER-Ribosome in cytoplasm
What is the TATA box an example of? - ANSWER-Promoter
Template strand for RNA synthesis is also know as the: - ANSWER-Antisense strand
Which statement about DNA replication is FALSE?
A. The leading strand is synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction
B. The lagging strand is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction
C. Okazaki fragments are built along the lagging strand
D. DNA ligase creates phosphodiester bond between Okazaki fragments -
ANSWER-A. Leading strand is synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction
Which normal base pairing has three hydrogen bonds? - ANSWER-C and G
The part of the chromosome that includes repetitive 6-nucleotide sequences at the
end of chromatids is called a - ANSWER-Telomere
The short arm of the chromosome is designates as: - ANSWER-P
Which of the following statements is correct?
A. Independent assortment is an abnormal process that typically occurs in cancerous
cells
B. Mitosis results in daughter cells that are genetically different from parent cells
C. Meiosis results in daughter cells that are genetically identical to parent cells
D. Meiosis requires a recombination process called crossing-over in which the
maternal and parental chromosomes of a homologous pair exchange genetic
material - ANSWER-D. Meiosis requires a recombination process called crossing-
over in which the maternal and parental chromosomes of a homologous pair
exchange genetic material
How many autosomal chromosomes are found in a normal human diploid cell -
ANSWER-44
, Starting with the S phase, which is the correct sequence in the cell cycle? -
ANSWER-S, G2, M, G1
At the conclusion of meiosis the daughter cells are: - ANSWER-Unique,
Not identical (as in mitosis)
Examination of chromosomes in karyotypes is performed in which stage of mitosis -
ANSWER-Metaphase
An exchange of chromosomal material between chromosomes is called a(n): -
ANSWER-Translocation
What is the complementary sequence of the following DNA strand?
5' TTA CGA GCA CCT 3' - ANSWER-5' AGG TGC TCG TAA 3'
A technologist performs fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on interphase
chromosomes using a probe to chromosome 21. In all cells examined, two signals
were seen. These results are interpreted as: - ANSWER-Normal; 2 chromosomes
are present
If it were abnormal, one would be missing or added (Trisomy 21= 3 chromosomes)
What is the most correct definition of trisomy? - ANSWER-Condition in which an
individual has three copies of one particular CHROMOSOME
What is the most common cause of Down's syndrome? - ANSWER-Trisomy 21
An individual with monosomy X is diagnosed as having________ - ANSWER-
Turner's Syndrome
Which type of chromosomal rearrangement does this illustration represent?
(Chromosome q arms switching) - ANSWER-Reciprocal Translocation
What would be the most likely conclusion from the karyotype below?
2 X chromosomes and 1 Y - ANSWER-Kleinfelter's Syndrome
Which is the most likely consequence of somatic chromosomal abnormality? -
ANSWER-One organ may be affected, but not others
The abnormality will NOT be passed to next generation
DNA isolation: The cells have been lysed, phenol and chloroform have been added,
tube was centrifuged to separate phases. Which phase is DNA found? - ANSWER-
DNA found in the top layer of the tube (Aqueous layer)
When preparing an agarose gel, what is the purpose of heating the agarose mixture
prior to pouring into the gel box? - ANSWER-To dissolve the agarose powder
EXAM GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
3 major types of RNA. The RNA that serves as a template during translation is the -
ANSWER-mRNA
What is true about RNA splicing - ANSWER-Introns snipped out and discarded, eons
are spliced together
In addition to splicing, RNA transcripts are subject to two additional processing
events known as: - ANSWER-Capping and polyadenylation
Organelle in cell that is the site of translation: - ANSWER-Ribosome in cytoplasm
What is the TATA box an example of? - ANSWER-Promoter
Template strand for RNA synthesis is also know as the: - ANSWER-Antisense strand
Which statement about DNA replication is FALSE?
A. The leading strand is synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction
B. The lagging strand is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction
C. Okazaki fragments are built along the lagging strand
D. DNA ligase creates phosphodiester bond between Okazaki fragments -
ANSWER-A. Leading strand is synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction
Which normal base pairing has three hydrogen bonds? - ANSWER-C and G
The part of the chromosome that includes repetitive 6-nucleotide sequences at the
end of chromatids is called a - ANSWER-Telomere
The short arm of the chromosome is designates as: - ANSWER-P
Which of the following statements is correct?
A. Independent assortment is an abnormal process that typically occurs in cancerous
cells
B. Mitosis results in daughter cells that are genetically different from parent cells
C. Meiosis results in daughter cells that are genetically identical to parent cells
D. Meiosis requires a recombination process called crossing-over in which the
maternal and parental chromosomes of a homologous pair exchange genetic
material - ANSWER-D. Meiosis requires a recombination process called crossing-
over in which the maternal and parental chromosomes of a homologous pair
exchange genetic material
How many autosomal chromosomes are found in a normal human diploid cell -
ANSWER-44
, Starting with the S phase, which is the correct sequence in the cell cycle? -
ANSWER-S, G2, M, G1
At the conclusion of meiosis the daughter cells are: - ANSWER-Unique,
Not identical (as in mitosis)
Examination of chromosomes in karyotypes is performed in which stage of mitosis -
ANSWER-Metaphase
An exchange of chromosomal material between chromosomes is called a(n): -
ANSWER-Translocation
What is the complementary sequence of the following DNA strand?
5' TTA CGA GCA CCT 3' - ANSWER-5' AGG TGC TCG TAA 3'
A technologist performs fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on interphase
chromosomes using a probe to chromosome 21. In all cells examined, two signals
were seen. These results are interpreted as: - ANSWER-Normal; 2 chromosomes
are present
If it were abnormal, one would be missing or added (Trisomy 21= 3 chromosomes)
What is the most correct definition of trisomy? - ANSWER-Condition in which an
individual has three copies of one particular CHROMOSOME
What is the most common cause of Down's syndrome? - ANSWER-Trisomy 21
An individual with monosomy X is diagnosed as having________ - ANSWER-
Turner's Syndrome
Which type of chromosomal rearrangement does this illustration represent?
(Chromosome q arms switching) - ANSWER-Reciprocal Translocation
What would be the most likely conclusion from the karyotype below?
2 X chromosomes and 1 Y - ANSWER-Kleinfelter's Syndrome
Which is the most likely consequence of somatic chromosomal abnormality? -
ANSWER-One organ may be affected, but not others
The abnormality will NOT be passed to next generation
DNA isolation: The cells have been lysed, phenol and chloroform have been added,
tube was centrifuged to separate phases. Which phase is DNA found? - ANSWER-
DNA found in the top layer of the tube (Aqueous layer)
When preparing an agarose gel, what is the purpose of heating the agarose mixture
prior to pouring into the gel box? - ANSWER-To dissolve the agarose powder
