HK 100 TEST 3 PURDUE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Motor development - answers :progressive change in motor behavior throughout the
lifespan
Name some examples of knowledge gained by motor development research - answers
:1. Normal rate and sequence of development of fundamental motor skills (when a child
would start standing and walking)
2. Individual difference in rate of development of skills (it's not the end of the world if
someone doesn't meet these requirements)
3. Deviations from normal development in special populations (down syndrome, etc.)
Describe the two general developmental principles - answers :cephalocaudal principle
(head-down)
Proximodistal principle (axis outward, same with muscle tone)
Name the motor milestones - answers :posture
Locomotion
Reaching and grasping
Describe the time periods for the motor milestone - posture - answers :1. Holds head
study when carried (2-3 months)
2. Sits without support (5 months)
3. Gets to sitting (7 months)
4. Pulls to standing (7-8 months)
5. Stands alone (11 months)
Describe the time periods for the motor milestone - locomotion - answers :1. Rolls from
back to stomach (6-7 months)
2. Pre-walking progression (crawling 7 months)
3. Walks alone (12 months)
Describe the time periods for the motor milestone - reaching - answers :1. Reaches to
touch a desired object (3-4 months)
Describe the time periods for the motor milestone - grasping - answers :1. Large objects
first picked up (3-4 months)
2. Thumb opposition (6-7 months) (this is how we normally grab things)
3. Pincer grasp to pick things up (9-10 months)
Describe the motor milestones look like in special populations - answers :down
syndrome - walk unsupported after 2 years
Low iq - walk after 12 months
Delay in motor milestones - trigger remedial help in childhood
, Describe critical periods in motor development and if there is evidence for critical
periods - answers :- time when child is most sensitive to learning a skill
- no clear evidence if there are detrimental effects, but there is evidence that enriched
environments can speed up rate of achieving motor milestones (infant swimming
lessons, suzuki method)
- unsure if early achievement of milestones positively affect adult performance
What is the difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal research - answers
:cross sectional involves different age groups at the same time
Longitudinal is overtime of the same people at different ages
What are some practical applications of motor development information - answers :1.
Assess normal development of children
2. Screen for neurological and motor disorders (wellness checks)
3. Identify and nurture exceptional talent
4. Inform designers of remedial and therapeutic programs
3. Determine readiness of learners for new tasks (not necessarily looking for if someone
if behind, just to see if they are at an appropriate level to be doing a certain task)
Describe the development sequence for two hand catching arm action - answers :step 1
- little response - arms extend forward, but little movement to adapt to ball flight - ball
usually trapped against chest
Step 2 - hugging - arms extended sideways to encircle (hug) the ball - ball is trapped
against chest
Step 3 - scooping - arms are extended but move under the object - ball is trapped
against chest
Step 4 - arms "give" - arms extend to meet object with hands - arms and body "give" -
ball is caught in hands
Describe the development sequence for two hand catching hand action - answers :step
1 - palms up - rolling balls elicit a palm-down trapping action
Step 2 - palms in (face each other)
Step 3 - palms adjusted - to flight and size of object - thumbs or little fingers places
close together (depends on height of flight path)
Describe the development sequence for two hand catching body action - answers :step
1 - no adjustment of body occurs in response to balls flight path
Step 2 - awkward adjustment - arms and trunk begin to move in relation to balls flight
path, but head remains erect - catcher seems to be fighting to remain balanced
Step 3 - proper adjustment - feet, trunk, arms all move to adjust to path of oncoming ball
Describe the development sequence for standing long jump leg action - answers :step 1
- one-foot takeoff - steps out on one foot - little prep leg flexion
Step 2 - knee extension first - extends knee joint before heels come off the ground, so
jump is too vertical
Motor development - answers :progressive change in motor behavior throughout the
lifespan
Name some examples of knowledge gained by motor development research - answers
:1. Normal rate and sequence of development of fundamental motor skills (when a child
would start standing and walking)
2. Individual difference in rate of development of skills (it's not the end of the world if
someone doesn't meet these requirements)
3. Deviations from normal development in special populations (down syndrome, etc.)
Describe the two general developmental principles - answers :cephalocaudal principle
(head-down)
Proximodistal principle (axis outward, same with muscle tone)
Name the motor milestones - answers :posture
Locomotion
Reaching and grasping
Describe the time periods for the motor milestone - posture - answers :1. Holds head
study when carried (2-3 months)
2. Sits without support (5 months)
3. Gets to sitting (7 months)
4. Pulls to standing (7-8 months)
5. Stands alone (11 months)
Describe the time periods for the motor milestone - locomotion - answers :1. Rolls from
back to stomach (6-7 months)
2. Pre-walking progression (crawling 7 months)
3. Walks alone (12 months)
Describe the time periods for the motor milestone - reaching - answers :1. Reaches to
touch a desired object (3-4 months)
Describe the time periods for the motor milestone - grasping - answers :1. Large objects
first picked up (3-4 months)
2. Thumb opposition (6-7 months) (this is how we normally grab things)
3. Pincer grasp to pick things up (9-10 months)
Describe the motor milestones look like in special populations - answers :down
syndrome - walk unsupported after 2 years
Low iq - walk after 12 months
Delay in motor milestones - trigger remedial help in childhood
, Describe critical periods in motor development and if there is evidence for critical
periods - answers :- time when child is most sensitive to learning a skill
- no clear evidence if there are detrimental effects, but there is evidence that enriched
environments can speed up rate of achieving motor milestones (infant swimming
lessons, suzuki method)
- unsure if early achievement of milestones positively affect adult performance
What is the difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal research - answers
:cross sectional involves different age groups at the same time
Longitudinal is overtime of the same people at different ages
What are some practical applications of motor development information - answers :1.
Assess normal development of children
2. Screen for neurological and motor disorders (wellness checks)
3. Identify and nurture exceptional talent
4. Inform designers of remedial and therapeutic programs
3. Determine readiness of learners for new tasks (not necessarily looking for if someone
if behind, just to see if they are at an appropriate level to be doing a certain task)
Describe the development sequence for two hand catching arm action - answers :step 1
- little response - arms extend forward, but little movement to adapt to ball flight - ball
usually trapped against chest
Step 2 - hugging - arms extended sideways to encircle (hug) the ball - ball is trapped
against chest
Step 3 - scooping - arms are extended but move under the object - ball is trapped
against chest
Step 4 - arms "give" - arms extend to meet object with hands - arms and body "give" -
ball is caught in hands
Describe the development sequence for two hand catching hand action - answers :step
1 - palms up - rolling balls elicit a palm-down trapping action
Step 2 - palms in (face each other)
Step 3 - palms adjusted - to flight and size of object - thumbs or little fingers places
close together (depends on height of flight path)
Describe the development sequence for two hand catching body action - answers :step
1 - no adjustment of body occurs in response to balls flight path
Step 2 - awkward adjustment - arms and trunk begin to move in relation to balls flight
path, but head remains erect - catcher seems to be fighting to remain balanced
Step 3 - proper adjustment - feet, trunk, arms all move to adjust to path of oncoming ball
Describe the development sequence for standing long jump leg action - answers :step 1
- one-foot takeoff - steps out on one foot - little prep leg flexion
Step 2 - knee extension first - extends knee joint before heels come off the ground, so
jump is too vertical
