(ACVSL) ACVS Phase Iination Large Animal Practice Exam
Q1: In large animal anatomy, which long bone is most significant in supporting the hindlimb?
A) Tibia
B) Scapula
C) Radius
D) Clavicle
Answer: A
Explanation: The tibia is a primary weight-bearing bone in the hindlimb of large animals.
Q2: Which joint in the equine musculoskeletal system is most commonly associated with
osteoarthritis?
A) Fetlock joint
B) Elbow joint
C) Knee joint
D) Hip joint
Answer: A
Explanation: The fetlock joint experiences high stress and repetitive loading, predisposing it to
osteoarthritis.
Q3: In the cardiovascular system of large animals, what structure initiates the heartbeat?
A) Atrioventricular node
B) Sinoatrial node
C) Bundle of His
D) Purkinje fibers
Answer: B
Explanation: The sinoatrial node is the natural pacemaker of the heart.
Q4: Which blood vessel is primarily responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the
systemic circulation?
A) Pulmonary artery
B) Pulmonary vein
C) Aorta
D) Vena cava
Answer: C
Explanation: The aorta distributes oxygenated blood to the body.
Q5: What is the main site of gas exchange in the large animal respiratory system?
A) Bronchi
B) Trachea
C) Alveoli
D) Larynx
Answer: C
Explanation: Alveoli are the primary structures where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.
Q6: In large animals, which part of the digestive tract is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?
A) Stomach
,B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: B
Explanation: The small intestine is the major site for nutrient absorption.
Q7: Which component of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary movement in large animals?
A) Autonomic nervous system
B) Central nervous system
C) Peripheral somatic nervous system
D) Enteric nervous system
Answer: C
Explanation: The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movement.
Q8: Which endocrine gland in large animals primarily regulates metabolism?
A) Adrenal gland
B) Thyroid gland
C) Pituitary gland
D) Pancreas
Answer: B
Explanation: The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolic rate.
Q9: What is the correct sequence of the phases of wound healing in large animals?
A) Inflammatory, proliferative, maturation
B) Maturation, proliferative, inflammatory
C) Proliferative, inflammatory, maturation
D) Inflammatory, maturation, proliferative
Answer: A
Explanation: Wound healing occurs in an inflammatory phase, followed by proliferation and maturation.
Q10: In surgical techniques, which method is preferred to minimize tissue trauma?
A) Crushing forceps
B) Blunt dissection
C) Sharp dissection
D) Electrocautery only
Answer: C
Explanation: Sharp dissection causes less collateral tissue damage compared to blunt methods.
Q11: What is the primary purpose of antiseptic techniques during surgery in large animals?
A) To enhance wound closure
B) To reduce the risk of infection
C) To reduce bleeding
D) To stimulate healing
Answer: B
Explanation: Antiseptics are used to reduce the microbial load and prevent infections.
,Q12: Which anesthetic technique is best for providing regional anesthesia in a limb surgery for large
animals?
A) General anesthesia
B) Inhalant anesthesia
C) Nerve block
D) Sedation only
Answer: C
Explanation: A nerve block offers targeted anesthesia with minimal systemic effects.
Q13: What is the most common cause of postoperative bleeding in large animal surgeries?
A) Inadequate hemostasis
B) Excessive tissue dissection
C) Over-suturing
D) Hypothermia
Answer: A
Explanation: Inadequate hemostasis during surgery often leads to postoperative bleeding.
Q14: In diagnostic imaging, which modality is most effective for evaluating soft tissue structures in
large animals?
A) Radiography
B) Computed tomography (CT)
C) Ultrasonography
D) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Answer: D
Explanation: MRI provides superior soft tissue contrast for detailed imaging.
Q15: Which laboratory diagnostic test is most commonly used to evaluate systemic infection in large
animals?
A) Urinalysis
B) Complete blood count (CBC)
C) Fecal exam
D) Skin scraping
Answer: B
Explanation: A complete blood count can reveal signs of infection such as leukocytosis.
Q16: In endoscopic procedures for large animals, what is the main benefit of using this technique?
A) It allows for non-invasive tissue removal
B) It provides direct visualization of internal structures
C) It is less expensive than radiography
D) It does not require sedation
Answer: B
Explanation: Endoscopy offers direct visualization, aiding in accurate diagnosis.
Q17: What is the primary advantage of obtaining a biopsy for histopathological evaluation?
A) It is faster than imaging
B) It provides definitive cellular diagnosis
C) It is non-invasive
, D) It requires no special equipment
Answer: B
Explanation: Biopsy allows for microscopic examination of tissue, offering a definitive diagnosis.
Q18: In fracture management of large animals, which stabilization method is commonly used for long
bone fractures?
A) Casting only
B) External fixation
C) Suture repair
D) Cryotherapy
Answer: B
Explanation: External fixation provides stability while allowing for adjustments during healing.
Q19: Which diagnostic tool is essential for evaluating lameness in large animals?
A) Electrocardiogram
B) Lameness exam with gait analysis
C) Endoscopy
D) Urinalysis
Answer: B
Explanation: Gait analysis is crucial in diagnosing lameness and its underlying causes.
Q20: In joint surgery, what is the primary benefit of arthroscopy over open joint surgery?
A) Increased bleeding
B) Reduced infection risk
C) Higher cost
D) Longer recovery time
Answer: B
Explanation: Arthroscopy is minimally invasive, reducing the risk of infection and speeding recovery.
Q21: What is the main goal when repairing tendon injuries in large animals?
A) To completely immobilize the joint
B) To restore tendon continuity and function
C) To remove the damaged tendon
D) To increase muscle mass around the injury
Answer: B
Explanation: Successful tendon repair aims to restore normal function and strength.
Q22: In abdominal surgery, which factor is critical for successful wound healing?
A) Excessive tissue handling
B) Aseptic technique
C) Minimal irrigation
D) Rapid closure without suture reinforcement
Answer: B
Explanation: Aseptic technique minimizes infection risk and promotes proper healing.
Q23: What is the most important principle in wound debridement during surgery?
A) Remove only necrotic tissue
Q1: In large animal anatomy, which long bone is most significant in supporting the hindlimb?
A) Tibia
B) Scapula
C) Radius
D) Clavicle
Answer: A
Explanation: The tibia is a primary weight-bearing bone in the hindlimb of large animals.
Q2: Which joint in the equine musculoskeletal system is most commonly associated with
osteoarthritis?
A) Fetlock joint
B) Elbow joint
C) Knee joint
D) Hip joint
Answer: A
Explanation: The fetlock joint experiences high stress and repetitive loading, predisposing it to
osteoarthritis.
Q3: In the cardiovascular system of large animals, what structure initiates the heartbeat?
A) Atrioventricular node
B) Sinoatrial node
C) Bundle of His
D) Purkinje fibers
Answer: B
Explanation: The sinoatrial node is the natural pacemaker of the heart.
Q4: Which blood vessel is primarily responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the
systemic circulation?
A) Pulmonary artery
B) Pulmonary vein
C) Aorta
D) Vena cava
Answer: C
Explanation: The aorta distributes oxygenated blood to the body.
Q5: What is the main site of gas exchange in the large animal respiratory system?
A) Bronchi
B) Trachea
C) Alveoli
D) Larynx
Answer: C
Explanation: Alveoli are the primary structures where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.
Q6: In large animals, which part of the digestive tract is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?
A) Stomach
,B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: B
Explanation: The small intestine is the major site for nutrient absorption.
Q7: Which component of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary movement in large animals?
A) Autonomic nervous system
B) Central nervous system
C) Peripheral somatic nervous system
D) Enteric nervous system
Answer: C
Explanation: The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movement.
Q8: Which endocrine gland in large animals primarily regulates metabolism?
A) Adrenal gland
B) Thyroid gland
C) Pituitary gland
D) Pancreas
Answer: B
Explanation: The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolic rate.
Q9: What is the correct sequence of the phases of wound healing in large animals?
A) Inflammatory, proliferative, maturation
B) Maturation, proliferative, inflammatory
C) Proliferative, inflammatory, maturation
D) Inflammatory, maturation, proliferative
Answer: A
Explanation: Wound healing occurs in an inflammatory phase, followed by proliferation and maturation.
Q10: In surgical techniques, which method is preferred to minimize tissue trauma?
A) Crushing forceps
B) Blunt dissection
C) Sharp dissection
D) Electrocautery only
Answer: C
Explanation: Sharp dissection causes less collateral tissue damage compared to blunt methods.
Q11: What is the primary purpose of antiseptic techniques during surgery in large animals?
A) To enhance wound closure
B) To reduce the risk of infection
C) To reduce bleeding
D) To stimulate healing
Answer: B
Explanation: Antiseptics are used to reduce the microbial load and prevent infections.
,Q12: Which anesthetic technique is best for providing regional anesthesia in a limb surgery for large
animals?
A) General anesthesia
B) Inhalant anesthesia
C) Nerve block
D) Sedation only
Answer: C
Explanation: A nerve block offers targeted anesthesia with minimal systemic effects.
Q13: What is the most common cause of postoperative bleeding in large animal surgeries?
A) Inadequate hemostasis
B) Excessive tissue dissection
C) Over-suturing
D) Hypothermia
Answer: A
Explanation: Inadequate hemostasis during surgery often leads to postoperative bleeding.
Q14: In diagnostic imaging, which modality is most effective for evaluating soft tissue structures in
large animals?
A) Radiography
B) Computed tomography (CT)
C) Ultrasonography
D) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Answer: D
Explanation: MRI provides superior soft tissue contrast for detailed imaging.
Q15: Which laboratory diagnostic test is most commonly used to evaluate systemic infection in large
animals?
A) Urinalysis
B) Complete blood count (CBC)
C) Fecal exam
D) Skin scraping
Answer: B
Explanation: A complete blood count can reveal signs of infection such as leukocytosis.
Q16: In endoscopic procedures for large animals, what is the main benefit of using this technique?
A) It allows for non-invasive tissue removal
B) It provides direct visualization of internal structures
C) It is less expensive than radiography
D) It does not require sedation
Answer: B
Explanation: Endoscopy offers direct visualization, aiding in accurate diagnosis.
Q17: What is the primary advantage of obtaining a biopsy for histopathological evaluation?
A) It is faster than imaging
B) It provides definitive cellular diagnosis
C) It is non-invasive
, D) It requires no special equipment
Answer: B
Explanation: Biopsy allows for microscopic examination of tissue, offering a definitive diagnosis.
Q18: In fracture management of large animals, which stabilization method is commonly used for long
bone fractures?
A) Casting only
B) External fixation
C) Suture repair
D) Cryotherapy
Answer: B
Explanation: External fixation provides stability while allowing for adjustments during healing.
Q19: Which diagnostic tool is essential for evaluating lameness in large animals?
A) Electrocardiogram
B) Lameness exam with gait analysis
C) Endoscopy
D) Urinalysis
Answer: B
Explanation: Gait analysis is crucial in diagnosing lameness and its underlying causes.
Q20: In joint surgery, what is the primary benefit of arthroscopy over open joint surgery?
A) Increased bleeding
B) Reduced infection risk
C) Higher cost
D) Longer recovery time
Answer: B
Explanation: Arthroscopy is minimally invasive, reducing the risk of infection and speeding recovery.
Q21: What is the main goal when repairing tendon injuries in large animals?
A) To completely immobilize the joint
B) To restore tendon continuity and function
C) To remove the damaged tendon
D) To increase muscle mass around the injury
Answer: B
Explanation: Successful tendon repair aims to restore normal function and strength.
Q22: In abdominal surgery, which factor is critical for successful wound healing?
A) Excessive tissue handling
B) Aseptic technique
C) Minimal irrigation
D) Rapid closure without suture reinforcement
Answer: B
Explanation: Aseptic technique minimizes infection risk and promotes proper healing.
Q23: What is the most important principle in wound debridement during surgery?
A) Remove only necrotic tissue
