BIO 431 UNIT 1 EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
What is the function of the left ventricle? - Answer-It pumps oxygenated blood into the
aorta, then around the body via the systemic circulation
What muscles are found in the right atrium? - Answer-Pectinate muscles
What muscles are found in the right ventricle? - Answer-Papillary muscles
What muscles are found in the left ventricle? - Answer-Papillary muscles
Why is there a difference in the size of the chambers? - Answer-The difference in size
of the chambers is due to the chambers' function:
-atria: they are small, thin-walled chambers that only contract minimally to push blood
downwards into the ventricles
-ventricles: they are the actual pumps of the heart -->
~left ventricle is thicker and ejects blood into the aorta, which is then sent to the rest of
the body's systems
~right ventricle: only pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk, which then pumps into the
lungs
What are the names of the 4 heart valves? - Answer--tricuspid valve
-bicuspid valve
-pulmonary semi-lunar valve
-aortic semi-lunar valve
Where is the tricuspid valve located? - Answer-between right atrium and right ventricle
Where is the bicuspid valve located? - Answer-between left atrium and left ventricle
Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located? - Answer-between right ventricle and
pulmonary trunk
Where is the aortic semilunar valve located? - Answer-between left ventricle and aorta
What is the function of the tricuspid valve? - Answer-permits blood flow only one way,
from the right atrium to the right ventricle, and also prevents backflow of blood into the
right atrium
, What is the function of the bicuspid valve? - Answer-permits blood to flow one way only,
from the left atrium into the left ventricle, and prevents backflow of blood into the left
atrium
What is the function of the pulmonary semilunar valve? - Answer-Guards the base of
the pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle and prevents backflow of blood into the right
ventricle
What is the function of the aortic semilunar valve? - Answer-Guards the base of the
aorta from the left ventricle and prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle
What is the function of the pulmonary circulation? - Answer-It pumps deoxygenated
blood to the lungs
What is the function of the systemic circulation? - Answer-It pumps oxygenated blood to
the body's systems
What is the importance of coronary circulation? - Answer-It is responsible for
continuously nourishing the heart by taking the role as the heart's main functional blood
supply. It also has collateral routes that provide additional pathways for blood delivery to
the heart muscle
What are the major vessels involved in coronary circulation? - Answer-- Arterial blood
originates from the Aorta
-Small cardiac vein travels w/ the marginal artery
-Middle cardiac vein travels w/ the posterior interventricular artery
-Great cardiac vein travels w/ the anterior interventricular artery
-Venous blood drains into the coronary sinus, emptying into the right atrium
What structural characteristics make cardiac muscle cells unique? - Answer--self-
excitable
-has intercalated discs
-only found in the heart
-small w/ one nucleus
How are cardiac muscle cells connected to one another? - Answer-Through
desmosomes that creates resistance between the cells so that they do not break apart
from one another
How do cardiac muscle cells communicate? - Answer-Through gap junctions that
functions as cell-to-cell communication
How do cardiac muscle cells get their energy? - Answer--Abundance of mitochondria-->
creating ATP
-Aerobic respiration--> the process of making ATP using oxygen
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
What is the function of the left ventricle? - Answer-It pumps oxygenated blood into the
aorta, then around the body via the systemic circulation
What muscles are found in the right atrium? - Answer-Pectinate muscles
What muscles are found in the right ventricle? - Answer-Papillary muscles
What muscles are found in the left ventricle? - Answer-Papillary muscles
Why is there a difference in the size of the chambers? - Answer-The difference in size
of the chambers is due to the chambers' function:
-atria: they are small, thin-walled chambers that only contract minimally to push blood
downwards into the ventricles
-ventricles: they are the actual pumps of the heart -->
~left ventricle is thicker and ejects blood into the aorta, which is then sent to the rest of
the body's systems
~right ventricle: only pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk, which then pumps into the
lungs
What are the names of the 4 heart valves? - Answer--tricuspid valve
-bicuspid valve
-pulmonary semi-lunar valve
-aortic semi-lunar valve
Where is the tricuspid valve located? - Answer-between right atrium and right ventricle
Where is the bicuspid valve located? - Answer-between left atrium and left ventricle
Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located? - Answer-between right ventricle and
pulmonary trunk
Where is the aortic semilunar valve located? - Answer-between left ventricle and aorta
What is the function of the tricuspid valve? - Answer-permits blood flow only one way,
from the right atrium to the right ventricle, and also prevents backflow of blood into the
right atrium
, What is the function of the bicuspid valve? - Answer-permits blood to flow one way only,
from the left atrium into the left ventricle, and prevents backflow of blood into the left
atrium
What is the function of the pulmonary semilunar valve? - Answer-Guards the base of
the pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle and prevents backflow of blood into the right
ventricle
What is the function of the aortic semilunar valve? - Answer-Guards the base of the
aorta from the left ventricle and prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle
What is the function of the pulmonary circulation? - Answer-It pumps deoxygenated
blood to the lungs
What is the function of the systemic circulation? - Answer-It pumps oxygenated blood to
the body's systems
What is the importance of coronary circulation? - Answer-It is responsible for
continuously nourishing the heart by taking the role as the heart's main functional blood
supply. It also has collateral routes that provide additional pathways for blood delivery to
the heart muscle
What are the major vessels involved in coronary circulation? - Answer-- Arterial blood
originates from the Aorta
-Small cardiac vein travels w/ the marginal artery
-Middle cardiac vein travels w/ the posterior interventricular artery
-Great cardiac vein travels w/ the anterior interventricular artery
-Venous blood drains into the coronary sinus, emptying into the right atrium
What structural characteristics make cardiac muscle cells unique? - Answer--self-
excitable
-has intercalated discs
-only found in the heart
-small w/ one nucleus
How are cardiac muscle cells connected to one another? - Answer-Through
desmosomes that creates resistance between the cells so that they do not break apart
from one another
How do cardiac muscle cells communicate? - Answer-Through gap junctions that
functions as cell-to-cell communication
How do cardiac muscle cells get their energy? - Answer--Abundance of mitochondria-->
creating ATP
-Aerobic respiration--> the process of making ATP using oxygen
