BIOL 431 – HEART EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

BIOL 431 – HEART EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
What is a cardiac cycle? - Answer-Blood flow through the heart during one complete
heartbeat: atrial systole and diastole followed by ventricular systole and diastole.

Define systole and diastole - Answer-Systole: contraction
Diastole: relaxation

Phases of the Cardiac Cycle - Answer-1. Ventricular Filling
2. Ventricular Systole
3. Isovolumetric Relaxation

What is End Diastolic Volume (EDV)? - Answer-The volume of blood left in each
ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole.

What is End Systolic Volume (ESV)? - Answer-The volume of blood left in each
ventricle at the end of ventricular systole.

What is Cardiac Output (CO)? - Answer-Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in
one minute.

CO = heart rate (HR) X stroke volume (SV)

What is the Stroke volume (SV)? - Answer-The volume of blood pumped in one beat.

SV = EDV – ESV
What is the function of the heart? - Answer-Pumps blood through a closed system of
vessels

Pericardium - Answer-A double-walled sac that:
- Protects and anchors the heart
- Prevents overfilling of the heart with blood
- Allows for the heart to work in a relatively friction-free environment

What are the parts of the pericardium? - Answer-1. Fibrous pericardium
2. Serous pericardium
a. Parietal layer
b. Visceral layer

What are the three layers of the heart wall? - Answer-1. Epicardium
2. Myocardium
3. Endocardium