BIOL 431 UNIT 1 EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Describe the shape of the left ventricle versus the right ventricle - Answer-LV has a
rounder shape, while the RV is crescent shaped and wraps around the left ventricle
entirely
Describe pulmonary circulation - Answer-The right atrium receives blood from the body
and the right ventricle ejects blood to the lungs
Describe systemic circulation - Answer-The left atrium receives blood from the lungs
and the left ventricle ejects blood to the body
Name the atrioventricular valves - Answer-Tricuspid (RA and RV) and bicuspid/mitral
(LA and LV)
Function of the AV valves - Answer-Prevent backflow of blood into the atria
Function of chordae tendineae - Answer-Anchors the AV valves to the papillary muscles
Name the semilunar valves - Answer-Pulmonary valve (RA and RV) and aortic valve
(LA and LV)
Function of the semilunar valves - Answer-Prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles
What keeps the SL valves closed? - Answer-Back pressure in the pulmonary trunk/aorta
What is the pressure in the aorta when contracted? Relaxed? - Answer-120 mmHg, 80
mmHg
What is the pathway of blood through the heart and lungs? - Answer-1. Right atrium
2. Tricuspid AV valve
3. Right ventricle
4. Pulmonary SL valve
5. Pulmonary trunk
6. Pulmonary arteries
7. Lungs
8. Pulmonary veins
9. Left atrium
10. Bicuspid/mitral AV valve
11. Left ventricle
12. Aortic SL valve
13. Ascending aorta
14. Aortic arch
,15. Systemic circulation
Define coronary circulation - Answer-The functional blood supply to the heart muscle
itself
Function of collateral routes in the heart - Answer-Provide additional pathways for blood
delivery to the heart muscle
Where does arterial blood originate from? - Answer-Aorta
Small cardiac vein correlates with the? - Answer-Right marginal artery
Great cardiac vein correlates with? - Answer-Anterior interventricular artery
Middle cardiac vein correlates with the? - Answer-Posterior interventricular artery
Where does venous blood of the heart drain into? - Answer-Coronary sinus
Define angina pectoris - Answer-Reduced blood flow in the coronary circulation
Symptoms of angina pectoris - Answer-Pressure in chest, pain down arm (signs of
"heart attack" but NOT A TRUE HEART ATTACK)
Define myocardial infarction - Answer-Blockage of blood flow; heart attack
Symptoms of heart attack - Answer-Death; cardiac arrest
Purpose of coronary artery bypass grafts - Answer-Take arteries from other places in
your body and use them to provide alternate routes around blocked arteries
List the 3 types of muscle tissue - Answer-1. Skeletal
2. Cardiac
3. Smooth
Describe the shape and appearance of skeletal muscle - Answer-Single, long,
cylindrical multinucleated cells with obvious striations
Describe the shape and appearance of cardiac muscle - Answer-Branching chains of
cells; uni- or binucleate striations
Describe the shape and appearance of smooth muscle - Answer-Single, fusiform,
uninucleate; no striations
Layers of the skeletal muscle - Answer-1. Epimysium
2. Perimysium
3. Endomysium
, Function of epimysium - Answer-Surrounds several fascicles
Function of perimysium - Answer-Surrounds an individual fascicle
Function of endomysium - Answer-Surrounds an individual muscle fiber
Layers of a muscle fiber - Answer-1. Sarcolemma
2. Myofibrils
3. Myofilaments
4. Sarcomere
3 kinds of myofilaments - Answer-1. Action (thin)
2. Myosin (thick)
3. Titin (elastic)
List the different structures in the sarcomere - Answer-1. A band
2. I band
3. H zone
4. M line
5. Z disc
Define A band - Answer-Only myosin and actin overlap here
Define I band - Answer-Only actin filament here
Define H zone - Answer-Only contains myosin; located in between thin filaments
Define M line and its function - Answer-1. Proteins in the center of the A band
2. Attachment site for myosin
Define Z disc and its function - Answer-1. Center of I band
2. Anchoring site for actin
What happens to the H band during contraction and why? - Answer-Shortens because
thin and thick filaments will overlap, decreasing the area containing only myosin
Describe the structure of myosin - Answer-1. 2 heads made of light polypeptide chains
that contain ATPase and ATP binding sites
2. 2 interwoven tails made of heavy polypeptide tails
Structure of actin consists of? - Answer-1. Tropomyosin
2. Troponin
Function of tropomyosin - Answer-Blocks myosin binding sites
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Describe the shape of the left ventricle versus the right ventricle - Answer-LV has a
rounder shape, while the RV is crescent shaped and wraps around the left ventricle
entirely
Describe pulmonary circulation - Answer-The right atrium receives blood from the body
and the right ventricle ejects blood to the lungs
Describe systemic circulation - Answer-The left atrium receives blood from the lungs
and the left ventricle ejects blood to the body
Name the atrioventricular valves - Answer-Tricuspid (RA and RV) and bicuspid/mitral
(LA and LV)
Function of the AV valves - Answer-Prevent backflow of blood into the atria
Function of chordae tendineae - Answer-Anchors the AV valves to the papillary muscles
Name the semilunar valves - Answer-Pulmonary valve (RA and RV) and aortic valve
(LA and LV)
Function of the semilunar valves - Answer-Prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles
What keeps the SL valves closed? - Answer-Back pressure in the pulmonary trunk/aorta
What is the pressure in the aorta when contracted? Relaxed? - Answer-120 mmHg, 80
mmHg
What is the pathway of blood through the heart and lungs? - Answer-1. Right atrium
2. Tricuspid AV valve
3. Right ventricle
4. Pulmonary SL valve
5. Pulmonary trunk
6. Pulmonary arteries
7. Lungs
8. Pulmonary veins
9. Left atrium
10. Bicuspid/mitral AV valve
11. Left ventricle
12. Aortic SL valve
13. Ascending aorta
14. Aortic arch
,15. Systemic circulation
Define coronary circulation - Answer-The functional blood supply to the heart muscle
itself
Function of collateral routes in the heart - Answer-Provide additional pathways for blood
delivery to the heart muscle
Where does arterial blood originate from? - Answer-Aorta
Small cardiac vein correlates with the? - Answer-Right marginal artery
Great cardiac vein correlates with? - Answer-Anterior interventricular artery
Middle cardiac vein correlates with the? - Answer-Posterior interventricular artery
Where does venous blood of the heart drain into? - Answer-Coronary sinus
Define angina pectoris - Answer-Reduced blood flow in the coronary circulation
Symptoms of angina pectoris - Answer-Pressure in chest, pain down arm (signs of
"heart attack" but NOT A TRUE HEART ATTACK)
Define myocardial infarction - Answer-Blockage of blood flow; heart attack
Symptoms of heart attack - Answer-Death; cardiac arrest
Purpose of coronary artery bypass grafts - Answer-Take arteries from other places in
your body and use them to provide alternate routes around blocked arteries
List the 3 types of muscle tissue - Answer-1. Skeletal
2. Cardiac
3. Smooth
Describe the shape and appearance of skeletal muscle - Answer-Single, long,
cylindrical multinucleated cells with obvious striations
Describe the shape and appearance of cardiac muscle - Answer-Branching chains of
cells; uni- or binucleate striations
Describe the shape and appearance of smooth muscle - Answer-Single, fusiform,
uninucleate; no striations
Layers of the skeletal muscle - Answer-1. Epimysium
2. Perimysium
3. Endomysium
, Function of epimysium - Answer-Surrounds several fascicles
Function of perimysium - Answer-Surrounds an individual fascicle
Function of endomysium - Answer-Surrounds an individual muscle fiber
Layers of a muscle fiber - Answer-1. Sarcolemma
2. Myofibrils
3. Myofilaments
4. Sarcomere
3 kinds of myofilaments - Answer-1. Action (thin)
2. Myosin (thick)
3. Titin (elastic)
List the different structures in the sarcomere - Answer-1. A band
2. I band
3. H zone
4. M line
5. Z disc
Define A band - Answer-Only myosin and actin overlap here
Define I band - Answer-Only actin filament here
Define H zone - Answer-Only contains myosin; located in between thin filaments
Define M line and its function - Answer-1. Proteins in the center of the A band
2. Attachment site for myosin
Define Z disc and its function - Answer-1. Center of I band
2. Anchoring site for actin
What happens to the H band during contraction and why? - Answer-Shortens because
thin and thick filaments will overlap, decreasing the area containing only myosin
Describe the structure of myosin - Answer-1. 2 heads made of light polypeptide chains
that contain ATPase and ATP binding sites
2. 2 interwoven tails made of heavy polypeptide tails
Structure of actin consists of? - Answer-1. Tropomyosin
2. Troponin
Function of tropomyosin - Answer-Blocks myosin binding sites
