BIO 431 EXAM 3 - DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
lesser omentum - Answer-- arises from the folds of peritoneum
- anchors the duodenum and the stomach to the liver
- extends from the less curvature of the stomach to the liver
- contains lymph nodes
greater omentum - Answer-- largest peritoneum fold
- hangs loosely like a fatty apron over the transverse colon and small intestine
- double sheet that folds back over the on itself
- forms a 4 layer structure
- originates as a double layer off the greater curvature of the stomach
- run distal over the structure of the intestine
- loops back up to connect the transverse colon
- contains a large intestine amount of fat and lymph nodes
falciform ligament - Answer-- anchors the liver to the ventral abdominal wall and
diaphragm
- the liver is the only digestive organ anchored to the anterior wall
- formed by folding of the peritoneum in that region
falciform ligament - Answer-
retroperitoneal - Answer-- some organs are not contained (wrapped) within the
peritoneal membrane
- they are located behind the membrane and are covered by peritoneum only on their
ventral surface
- primary: kidneys, pancreas, duodenum
- secondary: ascending colon and descending colon
esophagus - Answer-The ___ differs slightly on the outermost layer by missing the
serosa.
mucosa - Answer-inner most lining of the alimentary canal
- mucous membrane
- composed of epithelial tissue, areolar CT, and smooth muscle
lamina propria - Answer-Areolar CT that lies just deep to the epithelial tissue and binds
the epithelium with the muscularis mucosa
- contains MALT
, muscularis mucosa - Answer-a thin layer of smooth muscle that lies deep to the CT
- contraction of the ___ results in folds in the mucosa -> increased surface area for
digestion and absorption
submucosa - Answer-- next layer out consisting of the areolar CT
- binds the mucosa layer to the third layer, muscularis layer
- contains and houses a network of blood and lymph vessels for absorption and glands
- contains Meissner's plexus of nerves that control the GI tract motility
meissners plexus - Answer-- regulates movement of the mucosa and vasoconstriction
of the blood vessels
- also controls secretory cells of the GI tract
muscularis - Answer-- thick layer of primarily sooth muscle arranged in two sheet
- inner sheet is circular
- outer sheet is longitudinal
- contains a plexus of the enteric nervous system (ENS) called Myenteric plexus (or
Auerbach's plexus) that controls the GI tract motility
serosa - Answer-- composed of CT and simple squamous epithelium
- outermost layer
palate - Answer-top of the mouth
hard palate - Answer-- anterior
- composed of several bones: palatine bone and palatine process of the maxillae
- divided down the middle by a ridge called Raphe, forms when the right and left maxilla
fused.
- Function: to provide a rigid surface for the tongue to push food against while chewing;
also with speech.
soft palate - Answer-- posterior
- mobile and voluntary
- composed primarily of skeletal muscle
- before the uvula
- Function: in blocking off the the nasopharynx during swallowing
palatoglossal arches - Answer-arches in front of the tonsils
palatopharyngeal arches - Answer-arches in the soft palate to the oropharynx
fauces - Answer-concave area that houses the palatine tonsils
tongue - Answer-- lies on the floor of the oral cavity
- occupies most of the oral cavity when the mouth is closed.
AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
lesser omentum - Answer-- arises from the folds of peritoneum
- anchors the duodenum and the stomach to the liver
- extends from the less curvature of the stomach to the liver
- contains lymph nodes
greater omentum - Answer-- largest peritoneum fold
- hangs loosely like a fatty apron over the transverse colon and small intestine
- double sheet that folds back over the on itself
- forms a 4 layer structure
- originates as a double layer off the greater curvature of the stomach
- run distal over the structure of the intestine
- loops back up to connect the transverse colon
- contains a large intestine amount of fat and lymph nodes
falciform ligament - Answer-- anchors the liver to the ventral abdominal wall and
diaphragm
- the liver is the only digestive organ anchored to the anterior wall
- formed by folding of the peritoneum in that region
falciform ligament - Answer-
retroperitoneal - Answer-- some organs are not contained (wrapped) within the
peritoneal membrane
- they are located behind the membrane and are covered by peritoneum only on their
ventral surface
- primary: kidneys, pancreas, duodenum
- secondary: ascending colon and descending colon
esophagus - Answer-The ___ differs slightly on the outermost layer by missing the
serosa.
mucosa - Answer-inner most lining of the alimentary canal
- mucous membrane
- composed of epithelial tissue, areolar CT, and smooth muscle
lamina propria - Answer-Areolar CT that lies just deep to the epithelial tissue and binds
the epithelium with the muscularis mucosa
- contains MALT
, muscularis mucosa - Answer-a thin layer of smooth muscle that lies deep to the CT
- contraction of the ___ results in folds in the mucosa -> increased surface area for
digestion and absorption
submucosa - Answer-- next layer out consisting of the areolar CT
- binds the mucosa layer to the third layer, muscularis layer
- contains and houses a network of blood and lymph vessels for absorption and glands
- contains Meissner's plexus of nerves that control the GI tract motility
meissners plexus - Answer-- regulates movement of the mucosa and vasoconstriction
of the blood vessels
- also controls secretory cells of the GI tract
muscularis - Answer-- thick layer of primarily sooth muscle arranged in two sheet
- inner sheet is circular
- outer sheet is longitudinal
- contains a plexus of the enteric nervous system (ENS) called Myenteric plexus (or
Auerbach's plexus) that controls the GI tract motility
serosa - Answer-- composed of CT and simple squamous epithelium
- outermost layer
palate - Answer-top of the mouth
hard palate - Answer-- anterior
- composed of several bones: palatine bone and palatine process of the maxillae
- divided down the middle by a ridge called Raphe, forms when the right and left maxilla
fused.
- Function: to provide a rigid surface for the tongue to push food against while chewing;
also with speech.
soft palate - Answer-- posterior
- mobile and voluntary
- composed primarily of skeletal muscle
- before the uvula
- Function: in blocking off the the nasopharynx during swallowing
palatoglossal arches - Answer-arches in front of the tonsils
palatopharyngeal arches - Answer-arches in the soft palate to the oropharynx
fauces - Answer-concave area that houses the palatine tonsils
tongue - Answer-- lies on the floor of the oral cavity
- occupies most of the oral cavity when the mouth is closed.
