Herzing University AH 2 Exam 2 Study
Guide Exam And Actual Answers.
heart failure (HF) - Answer abnormal condition involving impaired cardia pumping/filling
Heart is unable to produce an adequate cardiac output to meet metabolic needs
Impaired cardiac pumping and filling (pericardium)
Risk factor of HF - Answer long standing hypertension (someone diagnosed with high BP and have had
it for many years)
4 things to assess on a patient with cardiovascular disease - Answer 1. tobacco use (exposes a person
to aortic aneurism)
2. PAD (ensure that you are asking if the patient has pain when they walk)
3. heredity collagen disorders (increase risk for aortic aneurism)
4. African Americans (be aware that they tend to develop heart failure at an early age due to long
standing hypertension)
5 cardiac conditions to get Infulenza Vaccinatioins - Answer 1. aortic stenosis
2. mitral valve regurgitation
3. atrial fibrillation
4. chronic constructive pericarditis
5. chronic heart failure
Primary HF - Answer heart related (CAD, MI)
Preceptory - Answer infections, thyroid, anemia (because the conditions increase the heart work load)
Diastolic Failure - Answer HF and DAF
,occurs more frequently in older adults and women and individuals who are obese
ACE Inhibitors (Angiotension Converting Enzymes) = ventricle pumps more efficiently
Systolic Failure - Answer Focus on Ejection Fraction
Mixed Failure - Answer both diastolic and systolic
seen in disease states such as cardiac myopathy (big, bulgy, flabby)
What is the most common type of heart failure? - Answer left sided heart failure
What happens in right sided HF? - Answer pitting edema
sudden weight gain
cor pulmonale
How is HF diagnosed? - Answer BNP (B-Type Naturatic Peptide)
Lab value that aids the diagnosis of HF (100-400 pg/mL)
Systolic and diastolic EF - Answer if EF is low than it is systolic HF
Treating Congestive HF (unload fast) - Answer Upright position = helps pooling of blood
Nitrates = dilates arteries of the heart and veins of the body, increases oxygenation
Lasix = listen to their lungs
O2 = keep sats above 92%
ACE Inhibitors = primary blocker RAAS = priol
- Aniopriol/Vasotec (be careful as patient is getting out of bed due to orthostatic hypertension)
- If a patient tells you that they are going to a pharmacy and getting cough meds that is a symptom that
they need to go to their doctor (symptom of an ACE Inhibitor) - look for orthostatic hypotension
Digoxin = increases force of the cardiac contraction, increases contraction speed and slows HR
- do not give when HR is under 60
, Fluids
- weigh the patient
- what type of diet will the patient be on? (low sodium heart health = 2g)
- if 3 lbs in 2 days or 3-5 lbs in 1 wk notify the MD immediately
Afterload
Sodium Restriction = make sure the the person is reading the labels correctly
- 2 g sodium diet
- education is key
Test = dig level, ABG, Potassium level
Dysrhythmias - Answer abnromal cardiac rhythms
ECG/EKG - Answer graphic tracing of electrical impulses produced by the heart
12 Lead EKG - Answer detailed rhythm
- structural changes of the persons heart (damage/ischemia)
- large cardiac chambers
- more detailed than the 5 lead
Lead placement - Answer smoke over fire
clouds over grass
chocolate in the center
black over red
white over green
brown in the center (slightly off center bc this is important if you need to do chest compressions)
Artifact - Answer muscle tremors vs loose electrode
Guide Exam And Actual Answers.
heart failure (HF) - Answer abnormal condition involving impaired cardia pumping/filling
Heart is unable to produce an adequate cardiac output to meet metabolic needs
Impaired cardiac pumping and filling (pericardium)
Risk factor of HF - Answer long standing hypertension (someone diagnosed with high BP and have had
it for many years)
4 things to assess on a patient with cardiovascular disease - Answer 1. tobacco use (exposes a person
to aortic aneurism)
2. PAD (ensure that you are asking if the patient has pain when they walk)
3. heredity collagen disorders (increase risk for aortic aneurism)
4. African Americans (be aware that they tend to develop heart failure at an early age due to long
standing hypertension)
5 cardiac conditions to get Infulenza Vaccinatioins - Answer 1. aortic stenosis
2. mitral valve regurgitation
3. atrial fibrillation
4. chronic constructive pericarditis
5. chronic heart failure
Primary HF - Answer heart related (CAD, MI)
Preceptory - Answer infections, thyroid, anemia (because the conditions increase the heart work load)
Diastolic Failure - Answer HF and DAF
,occurs more frequently in older adults and women and individuals who are obese
ACE Inhibitors (Angiotension Converting Enzymes) = ventricle pumps more efficiently
Systolic Failure - Answer Focus on Ejection Fraction
Mixed Failure - Answer both diastolic and systolic
seen in disease states such as cardiac myopathy (big, bulgy, flabby)
What is the most common type of heart failure? - Answer left sided heart failure
What happens in right sided HF? - Answer pitting edema
sudden weight gain
cor pulmonale
How is HF diagnosed? - Answer BNP (B-Type Naturatic Peptide)
Lab value that aids the diagnosis of HF (100-400 pg/mL)
Systolic and diastolic EF - Answer if EF is low than it is systolic HF
Treating Congestive HF (unload fast) - Answer Upright position = helps pooling of blood
Nitrates = dilates arteries of the heart and veins of the body, increases oxygenation
Lasix = listen to their lungs
O2 = keep sats above 92%
ACE Inhibitors = primary blocker RAAS = priol
- Aniopriol/Vasotec (be careful as patient is getting out of bed due to orthostatic hypertension)
- If a patient tells you that they are going to a pharmacy and getting cough meds that is a symptom that
they need to go to their doctor (symptom of an ACE Inhibitor) - look for orthostatic hypotension
Digoxin = increases force of the cardiac contraction, increases contraction speed and slows HR
- do not give when HR is under 60
, Fluids
- weigh the patient
- what type of diet will the patient be on? (low sodium heart health = 2g)
- if 3 lbs in 2 days or 3-5 lbs in 1 wk notify the MD immediately
Afterload
Sodium Restriction = make sure the the person is reading the labels correctly
- 2 g sodium diet
- education is key
Test = dig level, ABG, Potassium level
Dysrhythmias - Answer abnromal cardiac rhythms
ECG/EKG - Answer graphic tracing of electrical impulses produced by the heart
12 Lead EKG - Answer detailed rhythm
- structural changes of the persons heart (damage/ischemia)
- large cardiac chambers
- more detailed than the 5 lead
Lead placement - Answer smoke over fire
clouds over grass
chocolate in the center
black over red
white over green
brown in the center (slightly off center bc this is important if you need to do chest compressions)
Artifact - Answer muscle tremors vs loose electrode
