Test Bank - Computer Organization and Architecture, 11th edition by William Stallings | All Chapters

hgfds


TEST BANK

For
TU

Computer Organization and Architecture, 11th edition
TO
By William Stallings
R
G
INSTANT DOWNLOAD
U
COMPLETE CHAPTERS
R
U
COMPLETE ANSWERS

, hgfds



TABLE OF CONTENTS




Chapter 1 Basic Concepts and Computer Evolution ........................5
Chapter 2 Performance Issues ................................................... 10
Chapter 3 Computer Function and Interconnection ....................... 19
Chapter 4 Memory Hierarchy..................................................... 25
TU
Chapter 5 Cache Memory ......................................................... 29
Chapter 6 Internal Memory ....................................................... 41
Chapter 7 External Memory ...................................................... 50
Chapter 8 Input/Output ............................................................ 56
Chapter 9 Operating System Support ......................................... 64
Chapter 10 Number Systems .................................................... 72
TO
Chapter 11 Computer Arithmetic ............................................... 74
R
G
U
R
U


hgfdsa

, hgfds




CHAPTER 1 BASIC CONCEPTS AND
COMPUTER EVOLUTION

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
TU
1.1 Computer architecture refers to those attributes of a system visible
to a programmer or, put another way, those attributes that have a
direct impact on the logical execution of a program. Computer
organization refers to the operational units and their interconnections
that realize the architectural specifications. Examples of architectural
TO
attributes include the instruction set, the number of bits used to
represent various data types (e.g., numbers, characters), I/O
mechanisms, and techniques for addressing memory. Organizational
attributes include those hardware details transparent to the
programmer, such as control signals; interfaces between the computer
and peripherals; and the memory technology used.
R
1.2 Computer structure refers to the way in which the components of a
computer are interrelated. Computer function refers to the operation of
G
each individual component as part of the structure.

1.3 Data processing; data storage; data movement; and control.
U
1.4 Central processing unit (CPU): Controls the operation of the
computer and performs its data processing functions; often simply
referred to as processor.
R
Main memory: Stores data.
I/O: Moves data between the computer and its external environment.
System interconnection: Some mechanism that provides for
communication among CPU, main memory, and I/O. A common
U
example of system interconnection is by means of a system bus,
consisting of a number of conducting wires to which all the other
components attach.

1.5 Control unit: Controls the operation of the CPU and hence the
computer
Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU): Performs the computer’s data
processing functions
Registers: Provides storage internal to the CPU


hgfdsa

, hgfds
CPU interconnection: Some mechanism that provides for
communication among the control unit, ALU, and registers

1.6 In a stored program computer, programs are represented in a form
suitable for storing in memory alongside the data. The computer gets its
instructions by reading them from memory, and a program can be set
or altered by setting the values of a portion of memory.

1.7 Moore observed that the number of transistors that could be put on a
single chip was doubling every year and correctly predicted that this
pace would continue into the near future.
TU
1.8 Similar or identical instruction set: In many cases, the same set of
machine instructions is supported on all members of the family. Thus, a
program that executes on one machine will also execute on any other.
Similar or identical operating system: The same basic operating
system is available for all family members. Increasing speed: The rate
TO
of instruction execution increases in going from lower to higher family
members. Increasing Number of I/O ports: In going from lower to
higher family members. Increasing memory size: In going from lower
to higher family members. Increasing cost: In going from lower to
higher family members.
R
1.9 In a microprocessor, all of the components of the CPU are on a single
chip.


ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS
G
2.1 a
U
Location Instruction/Value Comments
0 <> Constant (N) [initialized to some value]
1 1 Constant; Integer value = 1
R
2 2 Constant; Integer value = 2
3 0 Variable Y (initialized to integer zero);
Sum(Y)
U
4L LOAD M(0 N → AC
4R ADD M(1) AC + 1 → AC
5L MUL M(0) N(N+1) → AC
5R DIV M(2) AC/2 → AC
6L STOR M(3) AC → Y; saving the Sum in variable Y
6R JUMP M(6,20:39) Done; HALT




hgfdsa