Test Bank for Human Learning, 8th Edition by Jeanne Ormrod, Jeanne Ellis Ormrod|9780134893662| All Chapters 1-15| LATEST

TEST BANK for Human Learning
8th Edition Ormrod, CHAPTER 1 - 15

, CHAPTERY1
PERSPECTIVESYONYLEARNING

MultipleYChoiceYQuestions

HumanYbeingsYundoubtedlyYlearnYmoreYduringYtheYcourseYofYaYlifetimeYthanY
anyYotherYspeciesYonYearth.YTheYmajorYresultYofYthisYcapacityYtoYlearnYisYthat:
NewYinstinctsYbeginYtoYemerge.
HumanYthoughtYbecomesYlessYlogicalYwithYeachYgeneration.Y
HumansYcanYbenefitYfromYtheirYexperiences.
HumansYareYtheYonlyYspeciesYwhoseYbehaviorYcannotYbeYanalyzedYinYt
ermsYofYstimuliYandYresponses.

ThreeYofYtheYfollowingYareYexamplesYofYlearning.YWhichYoneYisYnot?
AbigailYcriesYwhenYsheYstepsYonYaYsharpYpebble.
AfterYmanyYhoursYofYheatedYdebate,YBrianYbeginsYtoYadvocateY
politicalYpracticesYheYhasYpreviouslyYopposed.
CaraYsuddenlyYrecognizesYhowYtheYdivisionYfactY―24Y’Y4Y=Y6‖YisYrelatedYt
oYtheYmultiplicationYfactY―6YxY4Y=Y24.‖
DavidYhasYbeenYrunningYawayYfromYGermanYshepherdsYeverYsinceYheY
wasYbittenYbyYaYGermanYshepherdYtwoY yearsYago.

ReyneldaYhasYtroubleYtracingYaYcomplexYshapeYwithYaYpencilYwhenYsheYisYinYk
indergarten,YbutYsheYcanYdoYitYquiteYwellYbyYtheYtimeYsheYisYinYsecondYgrade.YIsYthi
sYanYinstanceYofYlearning?
Yes,YbecauseYherYbehaviorYhasYchanged.
No,YbecauseYtheYcircumstancesYareYtooYdissimilar.
Maybe,YalthoughYtheYchangeYmayYsimplyYbeYdueYtoY
physiologicalYmaturation.
Maybe,YbutYonlyYifYsheYisYbeingYreinforcedYforYtracingYaccurately.




2

, ChapterY1Y–YPerspectivesYonYLearning



ThreeYofYtheYfollowingYillustrateYvariousYwaysYthatYlearningYmightY beYreflected
YinYaYperson‘sYbehavior.YWhichYoneYofYtheYfollowingYchangesYdoesYnotYnecessarily
YreflectYlearning?

AlthoughYit‘sYaYschoolYnight,YDeanYplaysYvideoYgamesYuntilYwellYpastYhisY
usualYbedtime.YAsYheYbecomesYmoreYtired,YheYfindsYitYincreasinglyYdifficu
ltYtoYconcentrateYonYwhatYhe‘sYdoing.
EvenYasYaYyoungYchild,YJerryYcouldYtellYyouYthatYhisYgrandparentsYi
mmigratedYtoYtheYUnitedYStatesYfromYIreland.YButYafterYaYconversa
tionYwithYhisYgrandmother,YheYcanYnowYdescribeYtheYcircumstance
sYofYtheYfamily‘sYimmigrationYinYconsiderableYdetail.
DayYafterYday,YMartinYpracticesYhisYbasketballYskillsY (shooting,Ydribbling,
Yetc.)YonYaYbasketballYcourtYatYaYlocalYpark.YWithYeachYpracticeYsession,Yhis

YmovementsYbecomeYfasterYandYsmoother.

LewisYoccasionallyYasksYforYhelpYwhenYheYhasYdifficultyYwithYhisYclassw
ork,YbutYmostYofYtheYtimeYheYjustYstrugglesYquietlyYonYhisYown.YAfterYhisYt
eacherYassuresYhimYthatYaskingYforYhelpYisYnotYaYsignYofYweaknessYorYinab
ility,YheYbeginsYaskingYforYhelpYmuchYmoreYfrequently.

Y researchYexaminesYlearningYinYtightlyYcontrolledYsettingsYand
Y researchYexaminesYlearningYinYreal-worldYsettings.
Applied;YBasicYBasi
c;YQualitativeYQualit
ative;YAppliedYBasic;
YApplied




AYprincipleYofYlearningYcanYbestYbeYcharacterizedYas:
AYdescriptionYofYtheYresultsYofYaYparticularYresearchYstudy
AYstatementYthatYdescribesYhowYaYparticularYfactorYaffectsYlearning
TheYmeasurementYofYhowYmuchYlearningYhasYoccurredYinYaYp
articularYsituation
AnYexplanationYofYtheYunderlyingYprocessesYthroughYwhichYlearningYoccurs

AYtheoryYofYlearningYcanYbestYbeYcharacterizedYas:
AYdescriptionYofYtheYresultsYofYaYparticularYresearchYstudy
AYstatementYthatYdescribesYhowYaYparticularYfactorYaffectsYlearning
TheYmeasurementYofYhowYmuchYlearningYhasYoccurredYinYaYp
articularYsituation
AnYexplanationYofYtheYunderlyingYprocessesYthroughYwhichYlearningYoccurs




3

, ChapterY1Y–YPerspectivesYonYLearning



ThreeYofYtheYfollowingYareYprinciplesYofYlearning.YWhichYoneYisYaYtheory
ofYlearningYratherYthanYaYprinciple?
AYbehaviorYthatYisYfollowedYbyYpunishmentYdecreasesYinYfrequency.
PeopleYlearnYbyYmakingYmentalYassociationsYbetweenYnewYinformationY
andYtheirYexistingYknowledge.
AYresponseYthatYisYrewardedYeveryYtimeYitYoccursYincreasesYmoreYr
apidlyYthanYaYresponseYthatYisYonlyYoccasionallyYrewarded.
StudentsYtendYtoYrememberYmoreYofYaYlectureYifYtheyYtakeYnotesYonYthe
Ylecture‘sYcontent.




WhichYoneYofYtheYfollowingYcommonYsayingsYbestYreflectsYtheYconceptY
ofYintrospection?
―WhereYthere‘sYaYwill,Ythere‘sYaYway.‖
―NothingYventured,YnothingYgained.‖
―AYpennyYforYyourYthoughts.‖
―OldYhabitsYdieYhard.‖

WhichYoneYofYtheYfollowingYcommonYsayingsYbestYreflectsYtheYbasicY
premiseYunderlyingYsocialYlearningYtheory?
―MonkeyYsee,YmonkeyYdo.‖
―SpareYtheYrodYandYspoilYtheYchild.‖
―AYfriendYinYneedYisYaYfriendYindeed.‖
―AYrollingYstoneYgathersYnoYmoss.‖

WhichYoneYofYtheYfollowingYstatementsYprovidesYtheYmostYcredibleYexplan
ationYforYtheYfactYthatYhumanYbeingsYseemYtoYsurpassYallYotherYanimalYspeciesY
inYtheirYthinkingYandYlearningYcapacities?
OnlyYhumanYbeingsYhaveYtheYcapabilityYtoYmakeYtools.
HumansYcommunicateYregularlyYwithYoneYanotherYand,YinYdoingYso,Y
passYalongYwhatYthey‘veYlearnedYtoYfutureYgenerations.
HumanYbeingsYhaveYaYhugeYrepertoireYofYinstinctualYbehaviorsYfromY
whichYtheyYcanYdrawYwhenYtheyYencounterYnewYexperiences.
HumanYbrainsYareYsmallerYthanYthoseYofYotherYintelligentYspeciesY(e.g.,Yel
ephants,Ydolphins)YandYthereforeYcanYtransmitYmessagesYmoreYquicklyYan
dYefficiently.




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