APSC 4464 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS
In which 2 instances are substances adminstered - - Clinical / Veterinary Treatments
• Research / Testing
What are the 7 types of substance adminstrations - 1. Infectious disease agents
2. Therapeutic agents
3. Hormones
4. Chemical test agents
5. Radio contrast agents for imagining
6. Electrolytes and fluids to treat dehydration
7. Nutritional support
When are infectious disease agents used - studying a disease, its progression, and its
effects evaluating treatments for the disease
What are 5 examples of therapeutic agents - vaccinations, antimicrobials, pharmacologic
agents, anesthetics, and analgesics
4 examples of when hormones should be adminstered - 1. controlling reproductive cycles
2. altering physiology or metabolism
3. influencing cancer development
4. affecting immunology parameters
What are 4 considerations of use of drugs or chemicals - 1. absorption
2. distribution
3. metabolism
4. excretion
what are the considerations of absorption - o rapid or delayed
,o blood supply at site of absorption
o effect of body temperature
o effect of hydration status
what are the considerations of metabolism - - effect of temperature (homeothermic
species)
- ectotherms (reptiles, turtles) vs. homeotherms (mammals)
- status of the liver (enhanced or diminished liver enzymes)
Low body temp = ____________ (inc,dec) metabolism - increased
what are the considerations of excretion - - nature of the chemical compound
- binding / sequestration in organs or tissues
- damage or disease of kidneys
- damage or disease of intestines
What are the 2 routes of administration? - enteral (oral) and parenteral (other than oral)
3 methods of enteral administration - 1. in food or water
2. by mouth
3. by oral gavage
3 methods of parenteral administration - 1. Dermal / Topical
2. Injections
3. Inhalation
7 types of injections - • intradermal
• subcutaneous
• intramuscular
• intraperitoneal
• intravenous
• intracardiac
• intranasal / intratracheal
,• Dermal / Topical
• Injections
• Inhalation
Intadermal - in skin
subcutaneous - under the skin
intramuscular - in muscle
intraperitoneal - within the peritoneal cavity
what are 6 custom commercial diets - 1. standardized
2. atherogenic
3. fat/kcal adjusted
4. carbohydrate, protein, vitamin, or mineral adjusted
5. NaCl adjusted
6. amino acid defined
what is atheroclerosis - clogging of the arteries with cholesterol
what are the 3 physical forms of diets - pelleted, powdered (mash), and gel
which physical form of diets are standard and autoclavable - pelleted
which physical form of diets are used in toxicology studies - powdered
which physical form of diets are compound mixed in - powdered
which physical form process of diets destroy test agents - pelleted
which physical form of diet prevents malocclusion of incisor teeth - pelleted
when are gel diets used - animal after surgery
how can this problem be combated: Mice will dig mash feed out of the container to make a nest
to sleep in. - Adding a grid that lies over the food but allows access to eat overcomes that
problem.
what does direct oral dosing VIA SYRINGE require - restraint
, what happens if liquid unpalatable in direct oral dosing VIA SYRINGE - may be rejected /
spit out
what does direct oral dosing VIA SYRINGE pose a risk to - risk of aspiration into trachea
and lungs
Oral dosing via water bottles may Leak making _________ inaccurate - consumption
measurements
oral dosing via water bottles may not drink in what 2 instances - 1. if the liquid is
unpalatable
2. animal experiencing toxic symptoms
in which instances do animals receiving oral dosing via water receive a higher dose -
animals with kidney problems or diabetes may consume more water,
environmental temperature may affect oral dosing via water in - the quantity consumed
In what type of dosing are unpalatable liquids delivered directly into the stomach -
gavage
gavage dosing has ______ (rapid,slow) delivery of calculated dose - rapid
which type of dosing is good for animals with decreased food and water consumption -
gavage
what dose gavage dosing risk penetrating - esophagus or stomach wall
what happens if gavage dosing is not delivered to the stomach - risk of aspiration into
trachea and lungs
what type of needle is used for gavage dosing - stainless steel
what feature on a gavage needle minimize trauma and prevent penetration - rounded
ball at tip
what does the diameter and length determined by on a gavage needle - species and size
of animal
how is the length of a gavage needle determined : from ___________ to ___________ -
corner of mouth to last rib
what type of tube does oral gavage require - flexible
ANSWERS
In which 2 instances are substances adminstered - - Clinical / Veterinary Treatments
• Research / Testing
What are the 7 types of substance adminstrations - 1. Infectious disease agents
2. Therapeutic agents
3. Hormones
4. Chemical test agents
5. Radio contrast agents for imagining
6. Electrolytes and fluids to treat dehydration
7. Nutritional support
When are infectious disease agents used - studying a disease, its progression, and its
effects evaluating treatments for the disease
What are 5 examples of therapeutic agents - vaccinations, antimicrobials, pharmacologic
agents, anesthetics, and analgesics
4 examples of when hormones should be adminstered - 1. controlling reproductive cycles
2. altering physiology or metabolism
3. influencing cancer development
4. affecting immunology parameters
What are 4 considerations of use of drugs or chemicals - 1. absorption
2. distribution
3. metabolism
4. excretion
what are the considerations of absorption - o rapid or delayed
,o blood supply at site of absorption
o effect of body temperature
o effect of hydration status
what are the considerations of metabolism - - effect of temperature (homeothermic
species)
- ectotherms (reptiles, turtles) vs. homeotherms (mammals)
- status of the liver (enhanced or diminished liver enzymes)
Low body temp = ____________ (inc,dec) metabolism - increased
what are the considerations of excretion - - nature of the chemical compound
- binding / sequestration in organs or tissues
- damage or disease of kidneys
- damage or disease of intestines
What are the 2 routes of administration? - enteral (oral) and parenteral (other than oral)
3 methods of enteral administration - 1. in food or water
2. by mouth
3. by oral gavage
3 methods of parenteral administration - 1. Dermal / Topical
2. Injections
3. Inhalation
7 types of injections - • intradermal
• subcutaneous
• intramuscular
• intraperitoneal
• intravenous
• intracardiac
• intranasal / intratracheal
,• Dermal / Topical
• Injections
• Inhalation
Intadermal - in skin
subcutaneous - under the skin
intramuscular - in muscle
intraperitoneal - within the peritoneal cavity
what are 6 custom commercial diets - 1. standardized
2. atherogenic
3. fat/kcal adjusted
4. carbohydrate, protein, vitamin, or mineral adjusted
5. NaCl adjusted
6. amino acid defined
what is atheroclerosis - clogging of the arteries with cholesterol
what are the 3 physical forms of diets - pelleted, powdered (mash), and gel
which physical form of diets are standard and autoclavable - pelleted
which physical form of diets are used in toxicology studies - powdered
which physical form of diets are compound mixed in - powdered
which physical form process of diets destroy test agents - pelleted
which physical form of diet prevents malocclusion of incisor teeth - pelleted
when are gel diets used - animal after surgery
how can this problem be combated: Mice will dig mash feed out of the container to make a nest
to sleep in. - Adding a grid that lies over the food but allows access to eat overcomes that
problem.
what does direct oral dosing VIA SYRINGE require - restraint
, what happens if liquid unpalatable in direct oral dosing VIA SYRINGE - may be rejected /
spit out
what does direct oral dosing VIA SYRINGE pose a risk to - risk of aspiration into trachea
and lungs
Oral dosing via water bottles may Leak making _________ inaccurate - consumption
measurements
oral dosing via water bottles may not drink in what 2 instances - 1. if the liquid is
unpalatable
2. animal experiencing toxic symptoms
in which instances do animals receiving oral dosing via water receive a higher dose -
animals with kidney problems or diabetes may consume more water,
environmental temperature may affect oral dosing via water in - the quantity consumed
In what type of dosing are unpalatable liquids delivered directly into the stomach -
gavage
gavage dosing has ______ (rapid,slow) delivery of calculated dose - rapid
which type of dosing is good for animals with decreased food and water consumption -
gavage
what dose gavage dosing risk penetrating - esophagus or stomach wall
what happens if gavage dosing is not delivered to the stomach - risk of aspiration into
trachea and lungs
what type of needle is used for gavage dosing - stainless steel
what feature on a gavage needle minimize trauma and prevent penetration - rounded
ball at tip
what does the diameter and length determined by on a gavage needle - species and size
of animal
how is the length of a gavage needle determined : from ___________ to ___________ -
corner of mouth to last rib
what type of tube does oral gavage require - flexible
