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Exam (elaborations)

NJ Surplus Lines Certification

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1. General Insurance Definitions • Actual Cash Value: The replacement cost minus depreciation. • Agreed Value: A policy provision where the insurer and insured agree on the property's value at the time of policy issuance. • Coinsurance: A clause requiring the policyholder to insure property to a specified percentage of its value to receive full reimbursement for a loss. • Insurable Interest: A financial stake in the property or life insured, necessary for a valid insurance contract. • Loss: The policyholder's financial setback due to an insured event. • Negligence: Failure to exercise reasonable care, leading to potential harm or damage. • Physical Hazard: A condition or situation that increases the likelihood of a loss occurring. • Proximate Cause: The primary cause of a loss, without which the event would not have occurred. • Reinsurance: An arrangement where an insurer transfers portions of its risk to another insurer to reduce the likelihood of paying a large obligation. • Replacement Cost: The cost to replace property with new property of like kind and quality, without deduction for depreciation. • Risk: The uncertainty regarding potential financial loss. • Salvage: The residual value of property after a loss, which can be sold to offset the insurance payout. • Nonadmitted/Approved Carrier: An insurer not licensed in the state but permitted to write surplus lines insurance. • Underwriting Cycle: The cyclical pattern of underwriting standards, pricing, and competition in the insurance market. • Managing General Agent (MGA): A specialized type of insurance agent or broker that has been granted underwriting authority by an insurer. • Wholesale Broker: An intermediary who works with retail agents to place insurance with surplus lines insurers. 2. Surplus Lines Markets • Insurance Market: The environment where insurance products are bought and sold, including both admitted and nonadmitted insurers. • United States Nonadmitted Market: The segment of the insurance market comprising insurers not licensed in the state but authorized to write surplus lines insurance. • London Market: A global insurance market based in London, known for its surplus lines and specialty insurance products. • Lloyd’s Brokers: Intermediaries who place insurance with Lloyd’s of London syndicates. • United States Trust Fund: A financial reserve established to protect policyholders in the event of an insurer's insolvency. • Syndicates: Groups of underwriters at Lloyd’s of London who pool resources to underwrite insurance policies. • London Companies: Insurance companies based in London that operate within the Lloyd’s market framework. • Other Foreign Markets: Insurance markets outside the United States that may be utilized for surplus lines placements. • Insurance Exchanges: Platforms where insurance policies are bought and sold, often involving multiple insurers. • Producers: Individuals or entities authorized to sell, solicit, or negotiate insurance contracts. • Managing General Agents (MGAs): Entities with underwriting authority delegated by insurers. • Brokerage: The act of negotiating and placing insurance contracts on behalf of clients. • Wholesale Brokers: Intermediaries who work with retail agents to place insurance with surplus lines insurers. 3. Policies, Coverages, Forms • Commercial General Liability: Insurance covering businesses against claims of bodily injury, property damage, and personal injury. • Professional Liability: Coverage protecting professionals against claims of negligence or malpractice. • Transportation: Insurance covering goods in transit, including marine and inland marine policies. • Claims Made vs. Occurrence: Distinguishing between policies that cover claims made during the policy period versus those covering events that occur during the policy period. • Building and Personal Property: Coverage for physical structures and contents within a business premises. • Crime: Insurance protecting against losses from criminal acts like theft or fraud. • Umbrella/Excess Liability: Policies providing additional coverage beyond the limits of underlying policies. • Inland Marine: Coverage for property in transit or movable property. • Statements: Declarations made by the insured or insurer regarding the terms and conditions of the policy. • Policy Statements: Official documents outlining the terms, conditions, and coverage of an insurance policy. • Originating Broker’s Statement: A document detailing the efforts made to place insurance with an authorized insurer. 4. Surplus Lines Licensing • Powers and Duties of the Commissioner of Banking and Insurance: The regulatory authority overseeing insurance practices in New Jersey. • License Requirements, Issuance: Criteria and procedures for obtaining and issuing surplus lines licenses. • License Revocation, Suspension: Conditions under which a surplus lines license may be revoked or suspended. • Fraud: Legal implications and penalties associated with fraudulent activities in the insurance industry.

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NJ Surplus Lines Certification
1. Which term describes the replacement cost minus depreciation?
A. Actual Cash Value
B. Replacement Cost
C. Agreed Value
D. Coinsurance

Answer: A
Explanation: Actual Cash Value is defined as the replacement cost minus depreciation.

2. In insurance, what does “Actual Cash Value” represent?
A. The original purchase price
B. The depreciated replacement cost
C. The insured value agreed upon
D. The full replacement cost

Answer: B
Explanation: It represents the replacement cost minus depreciation.

3. What term is defined as the replacement cost minus depreciation in insurance?
A. Agreed Value
B. Actual Cash Value
C. Coinsurance
D. Salvage

Answer: B
Explanation: Actual Cash Value is the cost to replace property after subtracting depreciation.

4. Actual Cash Value in an insurance policy is calculated by subtracting depreciation from what?
A. Agreed Value
B. Replacement Cost
C. Loss Value
D. Premium

Answer: B
Explanation: Replacement Cost is used as the base from which depreciation is deducted to arrive at
Actual Cash Value.

5. Which term refers to a policy provision where the insurer and insured agree on the property’s value
at the time of policy issuance?
A. Actual Cash Value
B. Coinsurance
C. Agreed Value
D. Replacement Cost

Answer: C
Explanation: Agreed Value means both parties pre‐determine the property’s value at policy inception.

,6. In an insurance contract, when both parties agree on the property’s value at issuance, which term
applies?
A. Actual Cash Value
B. Agreed Value
C. Salvage
D. Insurable Interest

Answer: B
Explanation: This is the definition of Agreed Value.

7. What is the benefit of using an Agreed Value clause in an insurance policy?
A. It reduces premiums by considering depreciation
B. It avoids disputes during claim settlements
C. It increases the coinsurance requirement
D. It excludes losses from certain perils

Answer: B
Explanation: Pre-agreeing on the value helps avoid disputes when a claim is filed.

8. Which term ensures that both insurer and insured have predetermined the property’s value?
A. Replacement Cost
B. Agreed Value
C. Actual Cash Value
D. Coinsurance

Answer: B
Explanation: An Agreed Value clause fixes the property’s value upfront.

9. What insurance clause requires the policyholder to insure property to a specified percentage of its
value?
A. Coinsurance
B. Salvage
C. Actual Cash Value
D. Agreed Value

Answer: A
Explanation: Coinsurance mandates maintaining insurance at a set percentage of value.

10. Which clause mandates maintaining insurance equal to a specific percentage of the property’s
value for full reimbursement?
A. Underinsurance
B. Coinsurance
C. Insurable Interest
D. Replacement Cost

Answer: B
Explanation: Coinsurance requires the insured to carry coverage proportional to the property’s value.

,11. Failure to meet the required percentage in coinsurance results in what?
A. Full claim payment
B. A deduction in the claim payout
C. Immediate policy cancellation
D. An automatic premium refund

Answer: B
Explanation: Underinsuring typically results in a reduced claim payment.

12. In the context of coinsurance, what is the consequence of underinsuring a property?
A. Full reimbursement of the loss
B. Reduced claim payout proportional to the shortfall
C. Policy termination
D. An increase in the salvage value

Answer: B
Explanation: Underinsuring causes the insurer to pay only a proportionate amount of the loss.

13. What is the term for a financial stake in the property or life insured, necessary for a valid
insurance contract?
A. Insurable Interest
B. Coinsurance
C. Risk
D. Actual Cash Value

Answer: A
Explanation: Insurable Interest confirms that the insured would suffer financially if loss occurs.

14. An insurance contract is valid only if the insured party has what kind of interest?
A. Physical interest
B. Insurable Interest
C. Monetary Interest
D. Replacement Cost

Answer: B
Explanation: Insurable Interest is essential to validate the contract.

15. What does “Insurable Interest” ensure in an insurance contract?
A. The opportunity to profit from the policy
B. A legitimate financial stake in the subject of the insurance
C. A discount on the premium
D. Increased coinsurance benefits

Answer: B
Explanation: It ensures that the insured will face a financial loss if the insured event occurs.

16. Why is insurable interest crucial for insurance validity?
A. It prevents moral hazard
B. It determines the premium exclusively

, C. It allows profit from policy sales
D. It validates that a loss would result in financial impact

Answer: D
Explanation: Insurable interest confirms that a genuine financial loss will occur if the insured event
happens.

17. In insurance terms, what does “Loss” refer to?
A. The policyholder’s financial setback due to an insured event
B. The premium paid for coverage
C. The total insured value
D. The coinsurance requirement

Answer: A
Explanation: Loss is the financial impact or setback resulting from an insured event.

18. Which term best describes the financial setback a policyholder experiences from an insured event?
A. Salvage
B. Loss
C. Risk
D. Negligence

Answer: B
Explanation: Loss refers to the financial damage incurred.

19. The term “Loss” in an insurance claim typically seeks to cover what?
A. Depreciation only
B. The financial impact of the insured event
C. Future profit margins
D. Only replacement costs

Answer: B
Explanation: A claim is designed to compensate for the financial loss sustained.

20. What does an insurance claim typically seek to reimburse?
A. The original purchase price
B. The policyholder’s financial setback
C. The entire insured value regardless of loss
D. The salvage value only

Answer: B
Explanation: Claims are made to reimburse the financial loss suffered.

21. Which term describes the failure to exercise reasonable care, leading to potential harm or
damage?
A. Proximate Cause
B. Negligence
C. Physical Hazard
D. Loss

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