SLP 2020 Praxis Review Exam Latest Update
Speech - ANSWER Depends on an intricate and complex system of structures and
functions working together to allow human beings to communicate with one another.
Respiration (breathing) - ANSWER Supplies the energy for speech.
Phonation - ANSWER Voicing with the structures and processes that help produce
voice.
Resonation - ANSWER The modification of the voice produced at the laryngeal level, due
to the dynamics of the various supralaryngeal cavities and structures.
Articulation - ANSWER The production of speech sounds in isolation as well as in
connected speech.
Inhalation and Exhalation - ANSWER Respiration involves a cycle of ? and ?.
Respiration - ANSWER The exchange of gas between an organism and its environment.
Reduced - ANSWER As the lungs expand, pressure within the lungs (alveolar pressure)
compared to outside the lungs (atmospheric pressure) is ?.
Equalizing - ANSWER Once air pressure within the lungs (alveolar pressure) is reduced,
the air moves through the open laryngeal valve into the lungs, ? the pressure inside and
outside the lungs.
Once air pressure inside the and outside the lungs reaches equilibrium, the muscles of
respiration contract to REDUCE the volume of the chest cavity and return the
diaphragm to the resting position, creating POSITIVE pressure within the lungs and
causing EXHALATION. - ANSWER Once air pressure inside and outside the lungs
reaches equilibrium, the muscles of respiration contract to ? the volume of the chest
cavity and return the diaphragm to the resting position, creating ? pressure within the
lungs and causing ?.
12 to 18 times per minute - ANSWER In adults, the cycle of respiration typically occurs
about ? to ? times per minute.
Vibration - ANSWER Respiration provides the air supply needed to set the vocal folds
into ? for speech.
Exhalation - ANSWER What part of respiratory cycle is speech typically produced on?
Normal Tidal Breathing
Inspiration: 40%
Expiration: 60% - ANSWER Ratio of inhalation to exhalation in normal tidal breathing.
,Breathing for speech:
Inspiration: 10%
Expiration: 90% - ANSWER Ratio of inhalation to exhalation in breathing for speech
INSPIRATION
Inhalation-->chest and lungs expand--> DIAPHRAGM lowers--> airflows in through nose
and mouth--> air goes down the pharynx and between the open VOCAL FOLDS--> air
continues downward through the trachea and bronchial tubes-->air reaches final
destination in lungs. - ANSWER Name this & fill in blanks:
Inhalation-->chest and lungs expand--> ? lowers--> airflows in through nose and
mouth--> air goes down the pharynx and between the open ??--> air continues
downward through the trachea and bronchial tubes-->air reaches final destination in
lungs.
Lungs - ANSWER The exchange of gas and respiration is accomplished in this organ.
40% - ANSWER At rest, the lungs are partially inflated to approximately ?% of their total
capacity.
RIGHT Lung - ANSWER The ? lung is shorter, broader, and bigger than the ? lung
because the liver underneath forces it into a slightly upward direction.
The LEFT lung is smaller because the HEART takes up some of this space. - ANSWER
The ? lung is smaller because the ? takes up some of this space.
Right lung - ANSWER This lung has three lobes.
Left lung. - ANSWER This lung has two lobes.
Bronchi - ANSWER Tubes that extend from lungs upward to the trachea. Composed of
cartilaginous rings and bound together by fibroelastic tissue.
Bronchioles; Bronchial Tree - ANSWER In the lungs, the bronchi divide into ?, forming
what is known as the ??.
ALVEOLAR ducts - ANSWER Bronchioles repeatedly divide until they become very thin.
They ultimately communicate with ? ducts that open into tiny air sacs in the lungs.
Trachea - ANSWER A tube about 11 centimeters long, formed by approximately 20 rings
of cartilage. Inhaled air travels from larynx into it; exhaled air moves upward through it
back to the larynx.
Esophagus - ANSWER The rings of cartilage composing the trachea (20 of them) are
incomplete in the back, where the trachea comes into direct contact with the ?.
Cricoid - ANSWER The first tracheal cartilage, which is larger than the others, connects
, to the inferior, bottom border of the ? cartilage.
Bifurcates - ANSWER The last tracheal ring splits into two or ? into left and right primary
bronchi.
32-33 vertebrae divided into 5 segments - ANSWER The spinal column consists of ? to ?
individual vertebrae. These are divided into ? segments.
7 cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)
12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)
5 lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)
5 sacral vertebrae (S1-S5), fused in adults
3-4 coccygeal vertebrae (fused and called the coccyx) - ANSWER 5 vertebral segments
(list them)
Sternum
3 parts include:
- Manubrium
- Corpus
- Xiphoid/Ensiform Process - ANSWER The ? is also known as the breastbone and is
located on the superior, anterior thoracic wall. It consists of three parts. List them.
The THORACIC CAVITY consists of 12 pairs of ribs that articulate posteriorly with the
vertebral column and anteriorly with the sternum to form a cylindrical structure. The
ribs have a great degree of mobility, which allows the rib cage to ELEVATE during
inspiration. - ANSWER The ? consists of ? pairs of ribs that articulate posteriorly with the
vertebral column and anteriorly with the sternum to form a cylindrical structure. The
ribs have a great degree of mobility, which allows the rib cage to ? during inspiration.
Houses and protects organs such as lungs and heart.
1- The STERNUM in the anterior surface
2- 12 thoracic VERTEBRAE in the posterior surface
3-12 pairs of RIBS that connect laterally from the vertebrae to their individual COSTAL
CARTILAGES - ANSWER List the main (3) structures that compose the rib cage /
thoracic cavity.
Speech - ANSWER Depends on an intricate and complex system of structures and
functions working together to allow human beings to communicate with one another.
Respiration (breathing) - ANSWER Supplies the energy for speech.
Phonation - ANSWER Voicing with the structures and processes that help produce
voice.
Resonation - ANSWER The modification of the voice produced at the laryngeal level, due
to the dynamics of the various supralaryngeal cavities and structures.
Articulation - ANSWER The production of speech sounds in isolation as well as in
connected speech.
Inhalation and Exhalation - ANSWER Respiration involves a cycle of ? and ?.
Respiration - ANSWER The exchange of gas between an organism and its environment.
Reduced - ANSWER As the lungs expand, pressure within the lungs (alveolar pressure)
compared to outside the lungs (atmospheric pressure) is ?.
Equalizing - ANSWER Once air pressure within the lungs (alveolar pressure) is reduced,
the air moves through the open laryngeal valve into the lungs, ? the pressure inside and
outside the lungs.
Once air pressure inside the and outside the lungs reaches equilibrium, the muscles of
respiration contract to REDUCE the volume of the chest cavity and return the
diaphragm to the resting position, creating POSITIVE pressure within the lungs and
causing EXHALATION. - ANSWER Once air pressure inside and outside the lungs
reaches equilibrium, the muscles of respiration contract to ? the volume of the chest
cavity and return the diaphragm to the resting position, creating ? pressure within the
lungs and causing ?.
12 to 18 times per minute - ANSWER In adults, the cycle of respiration typically occurs
about ? to ? times per minute.
Vibration - ANSWER Respiration provides the air supply needed to set the vocal folds
into ? for speech.
Exhalation - ANSWER What part of respiratory cycle is speech typically produced on?
Normal Tidal Breathing
Inspiration: 40%
Expiration: 60% - ANSWER Ratio of inhalation to exhalation in normal tidal breathing.
,Breathing for speech:
Inspiration: 10%
Expiration: 90% - ANSWER Ratio of inhalation to exhalation in breathing for speech
INSPIRATION
Inhalation-->chest and lungs expand--> DIAPHRAGM lowers--> airflows in through nose
and mouth--> air goes down the pharynx and between the open VOCAL FOLDS--> air
continues downward through the trachea and bronchial tubes-->air reaches final
destination in lungs. - ANSWER Name this & fill in blanks:
Inhalation-->chest and lungs expand--> ? lowers--> airflows in through nose and
mouth--> air goes down the pharynx and between the open ??--> air continues
downward through the trachea and bronchial tubes-->air reaches final destination in
lungs.
Lungs - ANSWER The exchange of gas and respiration is accomplished in this organ.
40% - ANSWER At rest, the lungs are partially inflated to approximately ?% of their total
capacity.
RIGHT Lung - ANSWER The ? lung is shorter, broader, and bigger than the ? lung
because the liver underneath forces it into a slightly upward direction.
The LEFT lung is smaller because the HEART takes up some of this space. - ANSWER
The ? lung is smaller because the ? takes up some of this space.
Right lung - ANSWER This lung has three lobes.
Left lung. - ANSWER This lung has two lobes.
Bronchi - ANSWER Tubes that extend from lungs upward to the trachea. Composed of
cartilaginous rings and bound together by fibroelastic tissue.
Bronchioles; Bronchial Tree - ANSWER In the lungs, the bronchi divide into ?, forming
what is known as the ??.
ALVEOLAR ducts - ANSWER Bronchioles repeatedly divide until they become very thin.
They ultimately communicate with ? ducts that open into tiny air sacs in the lungs.
Trachea - ANSWER A tube about 11 centimeters long, formed by approximately 20 rings
of cartilage. Inhaled air travels from larynx into it; exhaled air moves upward through it
back to the larynx.
Esophagus - ANSWER The rings of cartilage composing the trachea (20 of them) are
incomplete in the back, where the trachea comes into direct contact with the ?.
Cricoid - ANSWER The first tracheal cartilage, which is larger than the others, connects
, to the inferior, bottom border of the ? cartilage.
Bifurcates - ANSWER The last tracheal ring splits into two or ? into left and right primary
bronchi.
32-33 vertebrae divided into 5 segments - ANSWER The spinal column consists of ? to ?
individual vertebrae. These are divided into ? segments.
7 cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)
12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)
5 lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)
5 sacral vertebrae (S1-S5), fused in adults
3-4 coccygeal vertebrae (fused and called the coccyx) - ANSWER 5 vertebral segments
(list them)
Sternum
3 parts include:
- Manubrium
- Corpus
- Xiphoid/Ensiform Process - ANSWER The ? is also known as the breastbone and is
located on the superior, anterior thoracic wall. It consists of three parts. List them.
The THORACIC CAVITY consists of 12 pairs of ribs that articulate posteriorly with the
vertebral column and anteriorly with the sternum to form a cylindrical structure. The
ribs have a great degree of mobility, which allows the rib cage to ELEVATE during
inspiration. - ANSWER The ? consists of ? pairs of ribs that articulate posteriorly with the
vertebral column and anteriorly with the sternum to form a cylindrical structure. The
ribs have a great degree of mobility, which allows the rib cage to ? during inspiration.
Houses and protects organs such as lungs and heart.
1- The STERNUM in the anterior surface
2- 12 thoracic VERTEBRAE in the posterior surface
3-12 pairs of RIBS that connect laterally from the vertebrae to their individual COSTAL
CARTILAGES - ANSWER List the main (3) structures that compose the rib cage /
thoracic cavity.
