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1. focal skills retelling and describing characters.
2. Personal assets specific background information that students bring to the learning envi-
ronment. Students bring interests, knowledge, everyday experiences, and
family backgrounds that a teacher can use to support learning.
3. Cultural assets cultural backgrounds and practices that students bring to the learning
environment, such as, traditions, languages, world views, literature, and
art that a teacher can use to support learning.
4. Community assets common backgrounds and experiences that students bring from the com-
munity where they live, such as resources, local landmarks, community
events, and practices that a teacher can use to support learning.
5. metacognition "Thinking about thinking" or the ability to evaluate a cognitive task to
determine how best to accomplish it, and then to monitor and adjust one's
performance on that task.
6. constructivism A philosophy of learning based on the premise that people construct
their own understanding of the world they live in through reflection on
experiences.
7. 3 Phases construction, integration, and metacognition.
of Construction-Inte-
gration Process
8. construction phase lower-level processes such as: activating prior knowledge, retrieving word
meanings, etc.
9. integration phase ideas from text are connected with what we already know, our prior
knowledge, and new concepts that do not fit with the meaning of the text
are deleted from our network knowledge.
, Elementary Reading Methods and Interventions-C909 WGU QUESTIONS
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10. metacognition phase a reader's awareness of how well he or she is understanding the reading
and a reader's ability to control his or her own thinking.
11. constructivist theory Piaget's theoretical perspective that children construct an understanding
of their world based on observations of the effects of their behaviors.
Examples: reciprocal teaching/learning, problem-based learning.
12. cognitive construc- Reading is a process in which the reader actively searches for meaning in
tivist view of reading what they read.
13. sociocultural theory the approach that emphasizes how cognitive development proceeds as
a result of social interactions between members of a culture. Example:
knowing people around you and their family backgrounds.
14. reader response theo- an approach to understanding literature that focuses on the role of the
ry reader in interpreting a story rather than just relying upon the author's
version.
15. experiential learning Learning from experiences.
16. Cognitivism A theory of learning. The idea is that learning is a conscious, rational
process. People learn by making models, maps and frameworks in their
mind. ~ is the opposite of behaviorism.
17. Oral Language Devel- the system through which we use spoken words to express knowledge,
opment ideas, and feelings.
18. Stages of writing de- drawing, scribbling, letter like symbols, strings in letter, beginning sounds
velopment emerge, consonants represent words, initial, middle and final sounds,
transitional, and standard spelling.
19. conventional stage of children spell most words correctly, with reliance on phonics knowledge
writing development to spell longer words.