Biology 1134 Exam 3 Questions And Answers

Biology 1134 Exam 3 Questions And
Answers
2wbasicwtypeswofwchangeswtowgenesw-wCORRECTwwANSWER-
1.Changewinwthewbasewsequencewofwawgene
2.Additionworwremovalwofwnucleotides

30-nmwFiberw-wCORRECTwwANSWER--
nucleosomeswarewthenworganizedwandwcompactwstructurew30wnmwinwdiameter
-shortenswlengthwofwDNAw7x

AwPolywAw(adenosine)w-wCORRECTwwANSWER--wtailwaddedwtowthewendwofwthewpre-mRNA
-Requiredwfor:
>>>ExitwofwmRNAwfromwthewnucleus

Acrocentricw-wCORRECTwwANSWER--centromerewiswlocatedwnearwonewend

ActivewTransportw-wCORRECTwwANSWER--
Transportwofwsoluteswfromwareaswofwlowerwconcentrationwofwthewsolutewtowareaswofwhigherwc
oncentration.
-Movewagainstwtheirwconcentrationwgradientw[Low]wtow[High]
-Energeticallywunfavorablew
-requireswanwinputwofwenergywbywthewcell

Alternatewsplicingw-wCORRECTwwANSWER--splicosomeswmaywsplicewinw2worwmorewways
-singlewgeneswcanwthenwencodewmorewthanwonewpolypeptide
>>wincreasewsizewofwproteomewbutwnotwgenome

Aminowacidsw-wCORRECTwwANSWER--
20wtypeswofwaminowacidswcommonlywfoundwinwproteins
-needwatwleastw20wcodons

Aminoacylwsitew(Awsite)w-wCORRECTwwANSWER--IncomingwtRNAwbindwhere
-Exception:winitiatorwtRNA

Aminoacyl-tRNAwSynthetasew-wCORRECTwwANSWER-
enzymewthatwcatalyzeswthewattachmentwofwawspecificwaminowacidwtowtRNA

AnalogouswStructuresw-wCORRECTwwANSWER--
structureswresultingwfromwconvergentwevolution

,-
arisenwindependentlyw2worwmorewtimeswbecausewpriorwspecieswhavewoccupiedwsimilarwenvi
ronment
-
Ex:wGiantwAnteaterw(SouthwAmerica)w&wEchindaw(Australia)wbothwhavewlongwsnoutswtowfee
dwonwants
-Ex:wantifreezewproteinswinwcoldwwaterwfish

Anaphasew-wCORRECTwwANSWER--
connectionswbetweenwthewsisterwchromatidswofwthewreplicatedwchromosomeswarewbroken
-eachwchromatidwiswcalledwawchromosome
-kinetochorewmicrotubuleswshortenwmovingwsisterwchromatidswtowoppositewcellwpoles
-polarwfiberswlengthenwpushingwcellwpoleswapart

Anaphasew1w(Meiosisw1)w-wCORRECTwwANSWER--connectionwbetweenwbivalentswbreak
-thewtwowsisterwchromatidswofweachwhomologwremainwconnected
-homologswarewseparatedwfromweachwotherwandwmovedwtowoppositewpoleswofwthewcell

Anaphasew2w(Meiosisw2)w-wCORRECTwwANSWER--
Sisterwchromatidswofwreplicatedwchromosomeswarewseparated
-kinotochorewmicrotubuleswmovewsisterwchromatidswtowoppositewpoleswofwthewcell

Aneuploidyw-wCORRECTwwANSWER--Deletionworwadditionwofwawsinglewchromosome

Anticodonw-wCORRECTwwANSWER--
threewbasewsequencewcomplementarywtowthewcodonwinwmRNA
-recognizeswcodonwinwmRNA
-canwpairwwithwmorewthanwonewmRNAwcodonwandwstillwbewspecificwforwawsinglewaminowacid

Antiportersw(Transporter)w-wCORRECTwwANSWER-
movesw2worwmorewIons/Moleculeswinwthewoppositewdirection

Astralwmicrotubulesw-wCORRECTwwANSWER--radiatewfromwcentrosome
-positionwthewspindlewinwcells

AutosomalwLinkagew-wCORRECTwwANSWER--
Geneswlocatedwonwthewsamewchromosomewarewsaidwtowbewlinked
-linkedwgeneswtendwtowbewinheritedwtogether
-linkagewgroupswmaywbewbrokenwupwduringwmeiosisw(crossingwover)

Autosomesw-wCORRECTwwANSWER-Allwchromosomeswexceptwforwthewsexwchromosomes

Biogeographyw-wCORRECTwwANSWER--
studywofwgeographicalwdistributionswofwextinctwandwmodernwspecies

, Cappingw-wCORRECTwwANSWER--
additionwofwawmethylatedwguaninewcapwtowthew5'wendwofwthewpre-mRNA
-Requiredwfor:
>>>exitwofwmRNAwfromwthewnucleus
>>>stabilitywofwmRNAwinwthewcytosol
>>>BindingwofwmRNAwtowawribosomewinwthewcytosol

Centralwdogmawofwgenewexpressionwatwmolecularwlevelw-wCORRECTwwANSWER-
DNA>>>>RNA>>>>>Polypeptide

Centromerew-wCORRECTwwANSWER--
regionwhighlywjoiningwsisterwchromatidswtogetherwbywproteinwcohesionw
-alsowserveswaswattachmentwsitewforwkinetochorewproteins

Channelsw-wCORRECTwwANSWER--Transmembranewproteins
-Formwopenwpassagewayswacrosswthewmembrane
-Functionwinwfacilitatedwdiffusionwofwions/molecules.w
-Soluteswmovewdirectlywthroughwtowgetwtowotherwsidewofwmembrane.
-Upwtow100wmillionwions/moleculeswperwsec.
-Mostwarewgated:wopeningwandwclosingwiswregulated
-maywinvolvewnonwcovalentwbindingwofwmoleculewtowchemicalwprotein
-Ex:wAquporin:wwaterwmovementwacrosswmembrane.

CharacteristicswofwawFishapodw-wCORRECTwwANSWER--broadwskull,wflexiblewneck
-Eyeswonwtopwofwhead
-Interlockingwribcage:wsuggestivewprimitivewlungs
-PectoralwFin:wbeginningswofwawprimitivewwristwwithw5wfinger-likewbones
-mostwtetrapodswarewterrestrialwbutwsomewarewsemi-aquatic

CharleswDarwinw-wCORRECTwwANSWER--struckwbywdistinctivewtraitswofwislandwspecies
-
GalapagoswIslandwFinches:notedwsimilaritieswinwspecieswandwdifferenceswinwspecializedwfe
edingwstrategies
-formulatedwthewtheorywofwevolutionwbywnaturalwselectionwbywmid-1840
-1856wbeganwwritingwthewOriginwofwthewSpecies
-waswthewfirstwtowproposewawmechanismwofwevolutionarywchange

Chemicalwmutagensw-wCORRECTwwANSWER--covalentlywmodifywnucleotidewstructure
-Bewsubstitutedwforwawbase
-disruptwpairingwofwbases
-maywinsertwbetweenwbaseswofwdoublewhelixwandwdistortwit

Chiasmaw-wCORRECTwwANSWER--
thewconnectionwatwawcrossoverwsitewofwtwowchromosomes