N440 EXAM 1 STUDY SET QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Which leukocyte reaches the injured site first? ANSWER The neutrophils
What occurs if the need for neutrophils is high? ANSWER Bands are immature
neutrophils released by bone marrow.
How do Eosinophils function? ANSWER elevate for parasite infestations or
allergic reactions.
Which systemic signs of inflammation are there? Fever, enlarged lymph nodes,
exhaustion, elevated white blood cells, and bodily pains
Which local signs of inflammation are present? ANSWER Loss of function,
redness, swelling, discomfort, heat, and drainage
What symptoms might acute or chronic bronchitis present with? ANSWER:
mild temperature, SOB, chest tightness, wheezing, exhaustion, and a dry
hacking cough that gets worse at night
What is the treatment for bronchitis? ANSWER Antibiotics are typically not
necessary for treatment, unless the patient has a serious medical history.
Sucking on cough drops or hard candies to calm your throat, drinking lots of
water because that also helps to release secretions, sitting up in a recliner to
encourage a strong airway, and using steam can all assist to break up mucus.
Give up smoking.
Sulfasalzine (azulfidine): what is it? ANSWER is an antibiotic that inhibits
inflammation by acting on the colonic mucosa, however it is poorly absorbed in
the GI system.
, How is a patient with ulcerative colitis treated and fed? ANSWER Diet: may
require TPN; abstain from high-fiber, lactose, alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, and
spicy foods. Avoid eating veggies raw; instead, steam or boil them.
Therapy: Aminosalicylates (Sulfasalazine, mesalamine) as a medication
The glucocorticoids, such as prednisone
Imodium, an antidiarrheal medication
Immunosuppressants (Methotrexate, Cyclosporine, Azathioprine)
Immunomodulators, such as Humira and Remicade
Ileo pouch anal anastomosis combined with protocolectomy is the surgical
treatment. To allow the J pouch to recover, the last foot or foot and a half of the
intestine is used for a temporary ileostomy.
How does a patient with Crohn's disease manage their diet and treatment?
ANSWER Nutritional treatment: In cases of severe exacerbations, patients may
require bowel rest and TPN; they should also be taught to avoid stimulants and
be given extra calories and minerals, such as Vivonex Plus.
Similar to Ulcerative Colitis, medication therapy
Surgery: Not as effective as it is for ulcerative colitis.
Slides for ileostomy and stoma: ANSWER
When an allergic reaction occurs, which immunoglobulator is recognized? -
ANSWER IgE
Artificial active immunity: what is it? Give an illustration. ANSWER Although
memory lasts for years, it is not permanent, thus you need to take memory
enhancers. Vaccinations
Artificial passive immunity: what is it? Give an illustration. ANSWER
additional sources of antibodies. Immunoglobulin transfer with blood
transfusions
AND ANSWERS
Which leukocyte reaches the injured site first? ANSWER The neutrophils
What occurs if the need for neutrophils is high? ANSWER Bands are immature
neutrophils released by bone marrow.
How do Eosinophils function? ANSWER elevate for parasite infestations or
allergic reactions.
Which systemic signs of inflammation are there? Fever, enlarged lymph nodes,
exhaustion, elevated white blood cells, and bodily pains
Which local signs of inflammation are present? ANSWER Loss of function,
redness, swelling, discomfort, heat, and drainage
What symptoms might acute or chronic bronchitis present with? ANSWER:
mild temperature, SOB, chest tightness, wheezing, exhaustion, and a dry
hacking cough that gets worse at night
What is the treatment for bronchitis? ANSWER Antibiotics are typically not
necessary for treatment, unless the patient has a serious medical history.
Sucking on cough drops or hard candies to calm your throat, drinking lots of
water because that also helps to release secretions, sitting up in a recliner to
encourage a strong airway, and using steam can all assist to break up mucus.
Give up smoking.
Sulfasalzine (azulfidine): what is it? ANSWER is an antibiotic that inhibits
inflammation by acting on the colonic mucosa, however it is poorly absorbed in
the GI system.
, How is a patient with ulcerative colitis treated and fed? ANSWER Diet: may
require TPN; abstain from high-fiber, lactose, alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, and
spicy foods. Avoid eating veggies raw; instead, steam or boil them.
Therapy: Aminosalicylates (Sulfasalazine, mesalamine) as a medication
The glucocorticoids, such as prednisone
Imodium, an antidiarrheal medication
Immunosuppressants (Methotrexate, Cyclosporine, Azathioprine)
Immunomodulators, such as Humira and Remicade
Ileo pouch anal anastomosis combined with protocolectomy is the surgical
treatment. To allow the J pouch to recover, the last foot or foot and a half of the
intestine is used for a temporary ileostomy.
How does a patient with Crohn's disease manage their diet and treatment?
ANSWER Nutritional treatment: In cases of severe exacerbations, patients may
require bowel rest and TPN; they should also be taught to avoid stimulants and
be given extra calories and minerals, such as Vivonex Plus.
Similar to Ulcerative Colitis, medication therapy
Surgery: Not as effective as it is for ulcerative colitis.
Slides for ileostomy and stoma: ANSWER
When an allergic reaction occurs, which immunoglobulator is recognized? -
ANSWER IgE
Artificial active immunity: what is it? Give an illustration. ANSWER Although
memory lasts for years, it is not permanent, thus you need to take memory
enhancers. Vaccinations
Artificial passive immunity: what is it? Give an illustration. ANSWER
additional sources of antibodies. Immunoglobulin transfer with blood
transfusions
